Shun-Zhang Yu

TL;DR: An epidemiological survey for the causes of a high incidence of primary liver cancer in Haimen city, Jian-Su province and Fusui county, Guangxi province in China, found a close correlation between the incidence of PLC and the drinking of pond and ditch water, supporting a hypothesis that the blue-green algal toxin MC in the drinking water of ponds/ditches and rivers, or both, is one of the risk factors for the high incidence.

TL;DR: It is suggested that whereas peanut intake, water sources as well as genetic polymorphisms in ALDH2 and CYP2E1 do not significantly correlate with the risk of HCC, HBV infection is a main risk factor, and dietary items rich in protein, especially fresh fish, might protect against the riskof HCC in Haimen, China.

TL;DR: In rats given AFB1 as an initiator, treatment with MC-LR resulted in a synergistic increase in the development of GST-P-positive foci, a biomarker for preneoplastic liver lesion, which suggests that the hepatocarcinogenicities of MC- LR and AFB1 can be predicted in experimental animals with a medium-term bioassay.

TL;DR: The investigated level of microcystins in drinking water collected from 1992 to 1994 in Haimen City, China, where people who drink pond ditch water usually incurred a high incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with those who drink well water, supported the epidemiological results reported by Yu.