Nanofluids are potential heat transfer fluids with enhanced thermophysical properties and heat transfer performance can be applied in many devices for better performances (i.e. energy, heat transfer and other performances). In this paper, a comprehensive literature on the applications and challenges of nanofluids have been compiled and reviewed. Latest up to date literatures on the applications and challenges in terms of PhD and Master thesis, journal articles, conference proceedings, reports and web materials have been reviewed and reported. Recent researches have indicated that substitution of conventional coolants by nanofluids appears promising. Specific application of nanofluids in engine cooling, solar water heating, cooling of electronics, cooling of transformer oil, improving diesel generator efficiency, cooling of heat exchanging devices, improving heat transfer efficiency of chillers, domestic refrigerator-freezers, cooling in machining, in nuclear reactor and defense and space have been reviewed and presented. Authors also critically analyzed some of the applications and identified research gaps for further research. Moreover, challenges and future directions of applications of nanofluids have been reviewed and presented in this paper. Based on results available in the literatures, it has been found nanofluids have a much higher and strongly temperature-dependent thermal conductivity at very low particle concentrations than conventional fluids. This can be considered as one of the key parameters for enhanced performances for many of the applications of nanofluids. Because of its superior thermal performances, latest up to date literatures on this property have been summarized and presented in this paper as well. However, few barriers and challenges that have been identified in this review must be addressed carefully before it can be fully implemented in the industrial applications.

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A review on applications and challenges of nanofluids

A review of the applications of nanofluids in solar energy

A review of nanofluid stability properties and characterization in stationary conditions

Rheological behaviour of ethylene glycol based titania nanofluids

The purpose of this review summarizes the important published articles on the enhancement of the convection heat transfer in heat exchangers using nanofluids on two topics. The first section focuses on presenting the theoretical and experimental results for the effective thermal conductivity, viscosity and the Nusselt number reported by several authors. The second section concentrates on application of nanofluids in various types of heat exchangers: plate heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers, compact heat exchangers and double pipe heat exchangers.

Application of nanofluids in heat exchangers: A review

The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of using a general purpose CFD code to compute the characteristics of the flow field, and of the heat transfer augmentation in conduits with corrugated walls, encountered in commercial plate heat exchangers (PHE). The CFD code is used to simulate the performance of a PHE model comprised of stainless steel plates, following a herringbone design and assembled for single-pass countercurrent flow. The code is validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data on pressure drop and overall temperature differences acquired for the countercurrent flow of water at both sides of the model PHE. The limited data published in the literature are also in fairly good agreement with the results of the present study. It is shown that the CFD code is an effective and reliable tool for studying the effect of various geometrical configurations on the optimum design of a PHE.

Spiros V. Paras

Papers

Flow and Heat Transfer Prediction in a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger using a CFD Code

Optimal design of a plate heat exchanger with undulated surfaces

Xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris in batch cultures

Properties of the liquid layer in horizontal annular flow

Droplet entrainment and deposition in horizontal annular flow