Showing papers in "Process Biochemistry in 2001"

TL;DR: In this article, three principal variables, molar ratio of methanol to oil, amount of catalyst, and reaction temperature, affecting the yield of acid-catalyzed production of methyl ester (biodiesel) from crude palm oil were investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a serial protease-treatments in the order of Alcalase, pronase E, and collagenase using a three-step recycling membrane reactor were performed on gelatin extracts from Alaska Pollack ( Theragra chalcogramma ) skin.

TL;DR: The thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. JB-99 was isolated from sugarcane molasses and was cultured in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml of synthetic medium consisting of (g/l): citric acid; 10.0, NaNO 3 ; 10.

TL;DR: Three strains identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilis and Bacillus cereus degraded feathers effectively and produced 142, 96 and 109 units of keratinolytic activities, respectively, and the strains showed maximum enzyme activities in the late logarithmic growth phase or the beginning of stationary phase.

TL;DR: In this paper, a commercially available protease (Alcalase) was used to extract protein proteins from the scales of Northern shrimp before the scales are processed to chitosan, and the results showed that the total recovery of Kjeldahl nitrogen was 68.5% as compared with only 12.8%.

TL;DR: Characterized by an oxygen consumption rate, sludge specific activities both for organic decomposition and nitrification of ammonia nitrogen varied with SRT, but volumetric oxygen consumption rates of the membrane bioreactor, representing the whole ability of the process for decomposing pollutants, were enhanced as SRT increased.

TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of xylan degradation were modelled by means of a mechanism involving sequential, first order, pseudohomogeneous kinetics, and their dependence on temperature was established using Arrhenius-type equations.

TL;DR: The effects of gelation conditions on capsule characteristics such as thickness, percentage of enzyme leakage and encapsulation efficiency were studied and the optimal conditions for GOD encapsulation obtained.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between solute rejection and membrane fouling in a MBR system, and the cake layer resistances and the fouling resistances were measured.

TL;DR: A novel alkaline lipase from Burkholderia cepacia RGP-10 was produced in mustard oil and exhibited better stability towards commercial detergents and oxidizing agents than Lipolase®, a potential additive for detergent formulation.

TL;DR: In this article, a mini packed-bed column was used for continuous biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions, where the residual biomass of the alga Sargassum sp. was immobilized in a polymeric matrix to improve its physicochemical properties for continuous bio-sorption.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used malt waste produced during the brewing process as a medium for the growth of Lentinus edodes mycelium, which proved to be a suitable material for mycelial growth and for the production of high levels of laccase and manganese peroxidase, especially when mixed with oak wood chips.

TL;DR: The purified enzyme SSR1 is a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 29 and 35 kDa and retains 100% activity at its optimum temperature of 40°C even after 300 min of incubation.

TL;DR: Immobilized Pseudomonas luteola able to reduce azo groups enzymically were used as a biocatalyst for the decolorization of wastewater containing azo dyes, indicating the stableDecolorization efficiency of these immobilized cells.

TL;DR: In this article, an alkaline (optimum pH 10.0) and thermo stable polygalacturonase from Bacillus sp. MG-cp-2 has been applied for the degumming of Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea ) and sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea ) bast fibres.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of process variables on the volumetric liquid phase mass transfer coefficient of oxygen, k L a, in a stirred bioreactor were investigated by the static gassing-out method.

TL;DR: In this article, a five-variable central composite rotatable design was used to determine the effect of solvent (log-P ranging from 0.49 to 4.5), acid concentration (0.05-0.25 M), alcohol to acid ratio (1.25:1), enzyme concentration (25-225 mg), incubation period (24-120 h) and incubation temperature (30-70°C) on the esterification reaction.

TL;DR: In this paper, a two level factorial design was used to study the effect of the initial ratio of stearic acid-POMF, initial humidity of the enzyme preparation and the enzyme-substrate ratio on the yield, mass productivity and specific productivity.

TL;DR: The combined effects of initial xylose concentration and inoculum level on xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii from rice straw hydrolysate were studied using response surface methodology and results were in close agreement with the model predictions.

TL;DR: In this article, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase was immobilized in alginate capsules and the immobilization resulted in 87% relative activity and activity for 36 days without decrease in activity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the cultural conditions for bacterial exopolysaccharide production by Agrobacterium radiobacter were optimised by response surface methodology (RSM) to maximise the viscosity of the broth and the yield of the polysaccharides.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the response surface methodology to optimize the separation of dl -tryptophan from aqueous solution, and obtained the maximum Y (100%) was obtained by employing the following predicted optimum extraction conditions: a pH of 12.46, a carrier concentration of 22.22%, and an initial amino acid concentration of 4.97 mM.

TL;DR: In this article, a batch of experiments were conducted to investigate anoxic biodegradation of five refractory nitrogeneous heterocyclic compounds, i.e., pyridine, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, 2-methyl quinol, in coke plant wastewater.

TL;DR: In this work, Spirulina platensis grown in a continuous photobioreactor was used to design a process for its recovery and further treatment to be used as food, with special emphasis on biomass quality.

TL;DR: Two identical sized laboratory-scale biofilters, filled with the same type of packing material, consisting of a mixture of peat and glass beads in a 4:1 volume ratio, are investigated for the purification of toluene and styrene-containing off-gas streams.

TL;DR: In this article, the use of Fourier transform mid infrared (FT-MIR), near infrared red (NIR), and Fourier Transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopic techniques for at-line (rapid off-line) monitoring of biomass, glucose, and lactic acid in a Lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus casei was investigated.

TL;DR: The results suggested that the optimized media for SmF and SSF for the production of Ffase have to be different.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of pH on biosorption in single metal systems and on the selectivity of biomass in two metal systems (copper-cadmium) were studied.

TL;DR: The results presented demonstrate the capacity of SSC to minimize catabolite repression and the role of gallic acid in tannase regulation was also studied.

TL;DR: In this article, a bubble column reactor system was used with a membrane to allow on-line products removal with cell recycle, and the overall CO mass transfer rate was lower than required for the maximum cell growth (qCOmaxX), but higher than that to meet the maintenance requirement (msX).