Picture processing system by computer complex and recognition of human faces

IoT and Machine Learning Approaches for Automation of Farm Irrigation System

Protected Agriculture (PA) presents a sustainable solution for food production in hot and arid environments. Harsh climate and the water deficit are obstacles to all year round cultivation. The greenhouse design should provide adequate control of its microclimate, such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and lightning depending on ambient conditions and the type of cultivation. This paper provides a thorough review of previous research on greenhouses design features, deemed important for efficient operation in hot and arid environments, such as dimensions, orientation, shapes, covering and shading materials. Effective greenhouse cooling methodologies and operation strategies to achieve and maintain satisfactory climate conditions in hot and arid conditions are investigated. Namely, natural and forced ventilation, evaporative cooling and fogging systems. Furthermore, the paper discusses the greenhouse control methods (field, remote, direct and combined) to monitor and regulate the indoor climatic parameters. Finally, the paper focuses on current greenhouse sustainable technologies and clean energy applications that contribute towards minimizing dependency on fossil fuels and leading to efficient water management. Namely, storage systems, humidification/dehumidification systems and Photovoltaic Panels. The future challenges facing the protected agriculture sector are identified. Suggestions of future scientific research and development topics are proposed.

Design challenges of agricultural greenhouses in hot and arid environments – A review

Facial-expression recognition: An emergent approach to the measurement of tourist satisfaction through emotions

Climate change because of the greenhouse effect has been authenticated. Fallouts like the 2015 Chennai floods suggest techniques like precision agriculture that includes automation in the irrigation system are important. This paper suggests an economical and easy-to-use arduino-based automated irrigation system that utilizes the Android smart phone for remote control. The system design includes a soil moisture sensor that provides a voltage signal proportional to the moisture content in the soil which is compared with a predetermined threshold value obtained by sampling of various soils and specific crops. The outcome of the comparison is that appropriate data are fed to the arduino uno processor. The arduino is linked wirelessly via the HC-05 module to an Android smart phone. The data received by the Android smart phone from the arduino is displayed on the User Interface (UI) (S2 terminal application). The UI in the Android smart phone allows the user easy remote control of the irrigation drive system that involves switching, on and off, of the drive motor by the arduino, wired to its controller, based on commands from the android smart phone. Studies conducted on a laboratory prototype suggest that the design is viable and can be easily adopted for real time application.

Experimental investigation of remote control via Android smart phone of arduino-based automated irrigation system using moisture sensor

This paper focuses on the analysis of reactions captured by the face analysis system. The experiment was conducted on a sample of 50 university students. Each student was shown 100 random images and the student´s reaction to every image was recorded. The recorded reactions were subsequently compared to the reaction of the image that was expected. The results of the experiment have shown several imperfections of the face analysis system. The system has difficulties classifying expressions and cannot detect and identify inner emotions that a person may experience when shown the image. Face analysis systems can only detect emotions that are expressed externally on a face by physiological changes in certain parts of the face.

A Case Study of Facial Emotion Classification Using Affdex.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a regular part of our lives. The devices can be used in many sectors, such as education and in the learning process. The article describes the possibilities of using commonly available devices such as smart wristbands (watches) and eye tracking technology, i.e., using existing technical solutions and methods that rely on the application of sensors while maintaining non-invasiveness. By comparing the data from these devices, we observed how the students’ attention affects their results. We looked for a correlation between eye tracking, heart rate, and student attention and how it all impacts their learning outcomes. We evaluate the obtained data in order to determine whether there is a degree of dependence between concentration and heart rate of students.

Application Experiences Using IoT Devices in Education

The users of modern buildings require more and more comfort and for fulfilling habitation requirements they expect more achievements. Air-conditioning, refrigeration, lighting system, security and camera system, telecommunication system and computer network have been added beside the traditional heating and ventilation. Concurrently with the requirements of the users, the demands of the operation economy of these kinds of objects with multifunctional technology grow, too. The paper describes a creation design of automated control and remote management of irrigation system by the use of low-cost device Arduino and operating system Android. The irrigation system consists of several modules which can be divided into three parts: control part, regulatory part and server part. The design brings comfort, automation and mostly energy savings for intelligent systems.

Proposal of the irrigation system using low-cost Arduino system as part of a smart home

The following case study was carried out on a sample of one experimental and one control group. The participants of the experimental group watched the movie section from the standardized LATEMO-E database via virtual reality (VR) on Oculus Rift S and HTC Vive Pro devices. In the control group, the movie section was displayed on the LCD monitor. The movie section was categorized according to Ekman's and Russell's classification model of evoking an emotional state. The range of valence and arousal was determined in both observed groups. Valence and arousal were measured in each group using a Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). The control group was captured by a camera and evaluated by Affdex software from Affectiva in order to compare valence values. The control group showed a very high correlation (0.92) between SAM and Affdex results. Having considered the Affdex results as a reference value, it can be concluded that SAM participants evaluated their emotions objectively. The results from both groups show that the movie section is supposed to evoke negative emotion. Negative emotion was perceived more intensely than its counterpart, positive emotion. Using virtual reality to evoke negative emotion (anger) has confirmed that VR triggers a significantly stronger intensity of emotion than LCD.

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Automatic detection and classification of emotional states in virtual reality and standard environments (LCD): comparing valence and arousal of induced emotions

In order to assure effectiveness, digital instruction prioritizes digital devices and systems over traditional technological and methodological solutions. In the current digital age and the way of life defined by digital culture, digital skills and competences become highly appreciated. Also, innovative methodological solutions, promoting the long term maintenance of attention and motivation, become key factors in remote learning or digitally scheduled education. Furthermore, the emergence of additional digital gaps, triggers newer digital paradigm shifts, gaining special importance during such exigencies, as a pandemic. An effective response or potential remedy, to this situation, is offered by digital pedagogy. Digital pedagogy faced substantial challenges during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, imposing demanding tasks on all participants, within the education sector. Our study introduces the results of a quantitative, multivariable, empirical inquiry, entailing a comparative analysis of data obtained from a survey of the pedagogue attitudes and digital tool systems for three selected countries. © 2021, Budapest Tech Polytechnical Institution. All rights reserved.

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Štefan Koprda

Papers

A Case Study of Facial Emotion Classification Using Affdex.

Application Experiences Using IoT Devices in Education

Proposal of the irrigation system using low-cost Arduino system as part of a smart home

Automatic detection and classification of emotional states in virtual reality and standard environments (LCD): comparing valence and arousal of induced emotions

Responses to the challenges of fast digital conversion, in the light of international research results - A comparative look at virtual spaces