Preparing the books to read every day is enjoyable for many people. However, there are still many people who also don't like reading. This is a problem. But, when you can support others to start reading, it will be better. One of the books that can be recommended for new readers is experience and education. This book is not kind of difficult book to read. It can be read and understand by the new readers.

Experience and Education.

物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

The culture of education

https://www.cs.ucla.edu/~dt/papers/mia96/mia96.pdf

Deformable models in medical image analysis: a survey

Simulation is a technique-not a technology-to replace or amplify real experiences with guided experiences that evoke or replicate substantial aspects of the real world in a fully interactive manner. The diverse applications of simulation in health care can be categorised by 11 dimensions: aims and purposes of the simulation activity; unit of participation; experience level of participants; health care domain; professional discipline of participants; type of knowledge, skill, attitudes, or behaviours addressed; the simulated patient's age; technology applicable or required; site of simulation; extent of direct participation; and method of feedback used. Using simulation to improve safety will require full integration of its applications into the routine structures and practices of health care. The costs and benefits of simulation are difficult to determine, especially for the most challenging applications, where long term use may be required. Various driving forces and implementation mechanisms can be expected to propel simulation forward, including professional societies, liability insurers, health care payers, and ultimately the public. The future of simulation in health care depends on the commitment and ingenuity of the health care simulation community to see that improved patient safety using this tool becomes a reality.

https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/qhc/13/suppl_1/i2.full.pdf

The future vision of simulation in health care

We describe a novel method for surgery simulation including a volumetric model built from medical images and an elastic modeling of the deformations. The physical model is based on elasticity theory which suitably links the shape of deformable bodies and the forces associated with the deformation. A real time computation of the deformation is possible thanks to a preprocessing of elementary deformations derived from a finite element method. This method has been implemented in a system including a force feedback device and a collision detection algorithm. The simulator works in real time with a high resolution liver model.

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073173/document

Real-time elastic deformations of soft tissues for surgery simulation

This paper discusses the application of 3D solid volumetric Finite Element models to surgery simulation. In particular it introduces three new ideas for solving the problem of achieving real-time performance for these models. The simulation system we have developed is described and we demonstrate real-time deformation using the methods developed in the paper.

Real‐time Volumetric Deformable Models for Surgery Simulation using Finite Elements and Condensation

We propose three physical models based on linear elasticity theory and finite-element modeling that are well-suited for surgery simulation. The first model combines precomputed deformations to deform large size meshes in real-time, but cannot make any topological changes to the mesh. The second model is similar to the spring-mass models where volumetric deformations and cutting operations can be simulated on small meshes in real time. Finally, we have developped a third method, combining the previous two solutions into a hybrid model that simulates deformations and cutting on complex anatomical structures.

/pdf/a-hybrid-elastic-model-for-real-time-cutting-deformations-4dgqpit6jv.pdf

A hybrid elastic model for real-time cutting, deformations, and force feedback for surgery training and simulation

SOFA is an Open Source framework primarily targeted at real-time simulation, with an emphasis on medical simulation. It is mostly intended for the research community to help develop newer algorithms, but can also be used as an efficient prototyping tool. Based on an advanced software architecture, it allows to: * create complex and evolving simulations by combining new algorithms with algorithms already included in SOFA * modify most parameters of the simulation - deformable behavior, surface representation, solver, constraints, collision algorithm, etc. - by simply editing an XML file * build complex models from simpler ones using a scene-graph description * efficiently simulate the dynamics of interacting objects using abstract equation solvers * reuse and easily compare a variety of available methods

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00319416/document

SOFA--an open source framework for medical simulation.

Simulation Open Framework Architecture (SOFA) is an open-source C++ library primarily targeted at interactive computational medical simulation. SOFA facilitates collaborations between specialists from various domains, by decomposing complex simulators into components designed independently and organized in a scenegraph data structure. Each component encapsulates one of the aspects of a simulation, such as the degrees of freedom, the forces and constraints, the differential equations, the main loop algorithms, the linear solvers, the collision detection algorithms or the interaction devices. The simulated objects can be represented using several models, each of them optimized for a different task such as the computation of internal forces, collision detection, haptics or visual display. These models are synchronized during the simulation using a mapping mechanism. CPU and GPU implementations can be transparently combined to exploit the computational power of modern hardware architectures. Thanks to this flexible yet efficient architecture, SOFA can be used as a test-bed to compare models and algorithms, or as a basis for the development of complex, high-performance simulators.

/pdf/sofa-a-multi-model-framework-for-interactive-physical-131uqsiu67.pdf

Stéphane Cotin

Papers

Real-time elastic deformations of soft tissues for surgery simulation

Real‐time Volumetric Deformable Models for Surgery Simulation using Finite Elements and Condensation

A hybrid elastic model for real-time cutting, deformations, and force feedback for surgery training and simulation

SOFA--an open source framework for medical simulation.

SOFA: A Multi-Model Framework for Interactive Physical Simulation