https://caltcm.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/acc_aha_chf_2013_guidelines.pdf

2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

What is a case-control study?

March 5, 2019 e1 WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, FAHA, Chair Paul Muntner, PhD, MHS, FAHA, Vice Chair Alvaro Alonso, MD, PhD, FAHA Marcio S. Bittencourt, MD, PhD, MPH Clifton W. Callaway, MD, FAHA April P. Carson, PhD, MSPH, FAHA Alanna M. Chamberlain, PhD Alexander R. Chang, MD, MS Susan Cheng, MD, MMSc, MPH, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, MBA, FAHA Francesca N. Delling, MD, MPH Luc Djousse, MD, ScD, MPH Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MS, FAHA Jane F. Ferguson, PhD, FAHA Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD, FAHA Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc Brett M. Kissela, MD, MS Kristen L. Knutson, PhD Tak W. Kwan, MD, FAHA Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Tené T. Lewis, PhD Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Matthew Shane Loop, PhD Pamela L. Lutsey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Seth S. Martin, MD, MHS, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Andrew E. Moran, MD, MPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Martin O’Flaherty, MD, MSc, PhD Ambarish Pandey, MD, MSCS Amanda M. Perak, MD, MS Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, MS, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH, FAHA Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, MD, MBA, MPH, FAHA Gary M. Satou, MD, FAHA Emily B. Schroeder, MD, PhD, FAHA Svati H. Shah, MD, MHS, FAHA Nicole L. Spartano, PhD Andrew Stokes, PhD David L. Tirschwell, MD, MS, MSc, FAHA Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH, Vice Chair Elect Mintu P. Turakhia, MD, MAS, FAHA Lisa B. VanWagner, MD, MSc, FAST John T. Wilkins, MD, MS, FAHA Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA, Chair Elect On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

1. About These Statistics…e70

2. Cardiovascular Diseases…e72

3. Coronary Heart Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Angina Pectoris…e89

4. Stroke…e99

5. High Blood Pressure…e111

6. Congenital Cardiovascular Defects…e116

7. Heart Failure…e119

8. Other Cardiovascular Diseases…e122 

9. Risk Factor: Smoking/Tobacco Use…e128

10. Risk Factor: High Blood Cholesterol and Other Lipids…e132

11. Risk Factor: Physical Inactivity…e136

12. Risk Factor: Overweight and Obesity…e139

13. Risk Factor: Diabetes Mellitus…e143

14. End-Stage Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease…e149

15. Metabolic Syndrome…e151

16. Nutrition…e153

17. Quality of Care…e155

18. Medical Procedures…e159

19. Economic Cost of Cardiovascular Diseases…e162

20. At-a-Glance Summary Tables…e164 

21. Glossary and Abbreviation Guide…e168
    Writing Group Disclosures…e171



Appendix I: List of Statistical Fact Sheets:

http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2007

We thank Drs Robert Adams, Philip Gorelick, Matt Wilson, and Philip Wolf (members of the Statistics Committee or Stroke Statistics Subcommittee); Brian Eigel; Gregg Fonarow; Kathy Jenkins; Gail Pearson; and Michael Wolz for their valuable comments and contributions. We would like to acknowledge Tim Anderson and Tom Schneider for their editorial contributions and Karen Modesitt for her administrative assistance.

# 1. About These Statistics {#article-title-2}

The American Heart Association (AHA) works with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); and other government agencies to derive the annual statistics in this Update. This chapter describes the most important sources and the types of data we use from them. For more details and an alphabetical list of abbreviations, see Chapter 21 of this document, the Glossary and Abbreviation Guide.

The surveys used are:

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2007 Update A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Each chapter listed in the Table of Contents (see next page) is a hyperlink to that chapter. The reader clicks the chapter name to access that chapter.

Each chapter listed here is a hyperlink. Click on the chapter name to be taken to that chapter. 

Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together in a single document the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and the cardiovascular risk factors listed in the AHA’s My Life Check - Life’s Simple 7 (Figure1), which include core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure [BP], and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update represents …

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.

Ethical Issues in Epidemiology

Engaging Communities in Translational Research

Recent clinical studies have identified exercise-induced transient postural tachycardia and abnormal heart-rate variability in patients with Gulf War Illness (GWI) (Rayhan et al. 2013; Garner et al. 2018; Blanchard et al. 2018). Altered heart rate variability may reflect autonomic dysfunction and atrophy in the cardio-regulatory regions of the brainstem (Rayhan et al. 2013). However, the long-term cardiovascular effects of abnormal autonomic nervous system functioning in patients with GWI are unknown (Blanchard et al. 2018). In additional clinical research studies, veterans with GWI have been found to have higher levels of cytokines such as interleukins (Coughlin 2017), which are inflammatory factors associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and other chronic diseases (Lampert et al. 2006).

Using data from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program 585 Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository (Khalil et al. 2018), this study examined the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among female veterans who served during the Gulf War or Gulf War Era. A total of 301 women veterans participated in the survey. Mean ages in 2016 were 53 years among women who were deployed and 54 years among women who were not deployed. About one-fifth of the participants were > 60 years of age. About three-quarters of the participants were white, 17–20% were Black or African American, and the remainder were American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, or other race. About 6–8% of the participants were Hispanic or Latino. The majority of the participants had completed some college or received a college degree. In this sample, 12–13% of the participants were current cigarette smokers, 35% self-reported high blood pressure, and 40–41% self-reported high cholesterol. Compared to women veterans not deployed to the Gulf, deployed women veterans were not more likely to report cardiovascular disease (heart attack, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, or peripheral vascular disease). About 6.9% percent of the women who were deployed to the Gulf reported cardiovascular disease as compared to 11.2% of the women who were not deployed (odds ratio = 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.3–1.4, P < 0.2).

Twenty-seven years after the 1990–1991 Gulf War, women veterans who were deployed to the Gulf continue to report similar levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors (cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol) as non-deployed women veterans who served during the Gulf War era. Women veterans deployed to the 1990–1991 Gulf War do not appear to be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, although studies with longer duration of follow-up and larger sample sizes are needed.

/pdf/cardiovascular-disease-among-female-veterans-of-the-1991-1359r3outr.pdf

Cardiovascular Disease among Female Veterans of the 1991 Gulf War Era.

Annual screening may not decrease breast cancer deaths among women aged 40 to 49 years.

Introduction Several studies have provided important information about health conditions and other challenges faced by women diagnosed with breast cancer and how they can improve their quality of life and reduce their risk of cancer recurrence. Although African American and Hispanic breast cancer patients have a poorer survival than their white counterparts, few studies have compared the experiences of African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors. Objectives To facilitate collaborative studies on breast cancer survivorship in a multicultural population, including future intervention research on nutrition, and physical activity, and clinical substudies. Methods This cohort study consists of a postal survey of up to 1,000 women with a history of a breast cancer diagnosis who reside in Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia, USA, and a repeat survey in 4 to 5 years to obtain longitudinal data. The follow-up survey in 4 to 5 years will allow for longitudinal changes in health to be assessed. Conclusion The survey will provide a comprehensive picture of the health of breast cancer survivors, across the lifespan, in a large Southern city. A broad range of health issues will be addressed including physical activity, diet, nutrition, personal and family history of cancer, quality-of-life, psychosocial concerns, and beliefs about cancer recurrence risk reduction through lifestyle changes. Through its longitudinal design, the study will also provide important information about changes in physical and mental health as breast cancer survivors advance in age.

https://www.cancertreatmentjournal.com/articles/the-augusta-georgia-breast-cancer-survivor-study.pdf

Steven S. Coughlin

Papers

Ethical Issues in Epidemiology

Engaging Communities in Translational Research

Cardiovascular Disease among Female Veterans of the 1991 Gulf War Era.

Annual screening may not decrease breast cancer deaths among women aged 40 to 49 years.

The Augusta, Georgia Breast Cancer Survivor Study.