https://caltcm.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/acc_aha_chf_2013_guidelines.pdf

2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

What is a case-control study?

March 5, 2019 e1 WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, FAHA, Chair Paul Muntner, PhD, MHS, FAHA, Vice Chair Alvaro Alonso, MD, PhD, FAHA Marcio S. Bittencourt, MD, PhD, MPH Clifton W. Callaway, MD, FAHA April P. Carson, PhD, MSPH, FAHA Alanna M. Chamberlain, PhD Alexander R. Chang, MD, MS Susan Cheng, MD, MMSc, MPH, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, MBA, FAHA Francesca N. Delling, MD, MPH Luc Djousse, MD, ScD, MPH Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MS, FAHA Jane F. Ferguson, PhD, FAHA Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD, FAHA Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc Brett M. Kissela, MD, MS Kristen L. Knutson, PhD Tak W. Kwan, MD, FAHA Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Tené T. Lewis, PhD Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Matthew Shane Loop, PhD Pamela L. Lutsey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Seth S. Martin, MD, MHS, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Andrew E. Moran, MD, MPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Martin O’Flaherty, MD, MSc, PhD Ambarish Pandey, MD, MSCS Amanda M. Perak, MD, MS Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, MS, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH, FAHA Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, MD, MBA, MPH, FAHA Gary M. Satou, MD, FAHA Emily B. Schroeder, MD, PhD, FAHA Svati H. Shah, MD, MHS, FAHA Nicole L. Spartano, PhD Andrew Stokes, PhD David L. Tirschwell, MD, MS, MSc, FAHA Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH, Vice Chair Elect Mintu P. Turakhia, MD, MAS, FAHA Lisa B. VanWagner, MD, MSc, FAST John T. Wilkins, MD, MS, FAHA Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA, Chair Elect On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

1. About These Statistics…e70

2. Cardiovascular Diseases…e72

3. Coronary Heart Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Angina Pectoris…e89

4. Stroke…e99

5. High Blood Pressure…e111

6. Congenital Cardiovascular Defects…e116

7. Heart Failure…e119

8. Other Cardiovascular Diseases…e122 

9. Risk Factor: Smoking/Tobacco Use…e128

10. Risk Factor: High Blood Cholesterol and Other Lipids…e132

11. Risk Factor: Physical Inactivity…e136

12. Risk Factor: Overweight and Obesity…e139

13. Risk Factor: Diabetes Mellitus…e143

14. End-Stage Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease…e149

15. Metabolic Syndrome…e151

16. Nutrition…e153

17. Quality of Care…e155

18. Medical Procedures…e159

19. Economic Cost of Cardiovascular Diseases…e162

20. At-a-Glance Summary Tables…e164 

21. Glossary and Abbreviation Guide…e168
    Writing Group Disclosures…e171



Appendix I: List of Statistical Fact Sheets:

http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2007

We thank Drs Robert Adams, Philip Gorelick, Matt Wilson, and Philip Wolf (members of the Statistics Committee or Stroke Statistics Subcommittee); Brian Eigel; Gregg Fonarow; Kathy Jenkins; Gail Pearson; and Michael Wolz for their valuable comments and contributions. We would like to acknowledge Tim Anderson and Tom Schneider for their editorial contributions and Karen Modesitt for her administrative assistance.

# 1. About These Statistics {#article-title-2}

The American Heart Association (AHA) works with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); and other government agencies to derive the annual statistics in this Update. This chapter describes the most important sources and the types of data we use from them. For more details and an alphabetical list of abbreviations, see Chapter 21 of this document, the Glossary and Abbreviation Guide.

The surveys used are:

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2007 Update A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Each chapter listed in the Table of Contents (see next page) is a hyperlink to that chapter. The reader clicks the chapter name to access that chapter.

Each chapter listed here is a hyperlink. Click on the chapter name to be taken to that chapter. 

Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together in a single document the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and the cardiovascular risk factors listed in the AHA’s My Life Check - Life’s Simple 7 (Figure1), which include core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure [BP], and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update represents …

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.

Almost half of breast cancer survivors are aged ≥ 65 years and the proportion is likely to increase due to the aging of the population. The objectives of this article were to review studies of health outcomes among older breast cancer survivors ≥ 65 years to identify gaps in the published literature and offer suggestions for future research. The present review is based upon bibliographic searches in PubMed and CINAHL and relevant search terms. Articles published in English from January 1, 1970 through October 1, 2018 were identified using the following MeSH search terms and Boolean algebra commands. This review has revealed that older breast cancer survivors cope with health issues related to cancer treatment and the aging process, including comorbidities, osteoporosis, symptoms, physical functioning, cognitive functioning, nutrition, and physical activity. Additional research is needed to examine therapeutic interventions to address the health conditions older breast cancer survivors are coping with. Particular focus of further research should be on the nutritional status and physical activity levels of older breast cancer survivors. Individualized nutrition plans and tailored physical activity programs for older survivors are needed that meet people where they are and that form habits.

Survivorship issues in older breast cancer survivors.

Introducing the Community Guide's Reviews of Evidence on Interventions to Increase Screening for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancers

The objective was to determine whether HIV testing and posttest counseling may be associated with an increase in gonorrhea incidence among adolescents and young adults seen at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A historical cohort study was carried out with the collection of longitudinal data on the patients HIV testing and counseling experience. Delgado STD clinic of New Orleans Louisiana a public ambulatory primary care center that serves mainly the economically disadvantaged Black population was the setting. A record-based inception cohort of 4031 patients aged 15-25 years diagnosed at the clinic between June 1989 and May 1991 with a first lifetime gonorrhea infection was studied. The intervention consisted in routine confidential HIV tests and posttest counseling sessions experienced at the clinic during follow-up. The outcome measure was the incidence rate of reported gonorrhea reinfection. Of the patients 51.5% were tested once for HIV antibodies and 25.9% twice or more. Formal posttest counseling occurred after 8.5% of the 4665 HIV- negative and 44.0% of the 49 HIV-positive tests. In the most pessimistic of several models controlling for history of gonorrhea HIV testing and counseling history and other potential confounding factors a significantly lower rate of gonorrhea reinfection was observed after a first HIV-negative test than before [adjusted relative risk (RR) 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.74; P < 0.0001]. As compared with the pretest period significantly higher rates of gonorrhea were observed after respectively a second (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.01-1.37; P = 0.03) and a third (RR 1.52; 95% CI 1.22-1.88; P = 0.0001) HIV- negative test. No significant association was found between HIV- positive testing and any variation in gonorrhea rate (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.56-1.62; P = 0.85). Posttest counseling for HIV- negative and HIV-positive results were followed respectively by a significantly higher rate of gonorrhea (RR; 1.27; 95% CI 1.09- 1.48; P = 0.002) and a non-significantly lower rate of gonorrhea (RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.17-1.60; P = 0.85). The authors results do not exclude the possibility of a modest increase in gonorrhea incidence after routine HIV testing and counseling in an STD clinic. Nevertheless this conclusion holds only under the least favorable assumptions and applies solely to a minority of patients. (authors)

Steven S. Coughlin

Papers

Survivorship issues in older breast cancer survivors.

Introducing the Community Guide's Reviews of Evidence on Interventions to Increase Screening for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancers

Gonorrhea incidence and HIV testing and counseling among adolescents and young adults seen at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.

The intersection of genetics, public health, and preventive medicine.

Model curricula in public health ethics.