Summary) The abstract should follow the structure of the article (relevance, degree of exploration of the problem, the goal, the main results, conclusion) and characterize the theoretical and practical significance of the study results. The abstract should not contain wording echoing the title, cumbersome grammatical structures and abbreviations. The text should be written in scientific style. The volume of abstracts (summaries) depends on the content of the article, but should not be less than 250 words. All abbreviations must be disclosed in the summary (in spite of the fact that they will be disclosed in the main text of the article), references to the numbers of publications from reference list should not be made. The sentences of the abstract should constitute an integral text, which can be made by use of the words “consequently”, “for example”, “as a result”. Avoid the use of unnecessary introductory phrases (eg, “the author of the article considers...”, “The article presents...” and so on.)

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Dynamic soil–structure interaction of monopile supported wind turbines in cohesive soil

Environmental monitoring has become essential in order to deal with environmental resources efficiently and safely in the realm of green technology. Environmental monitoring sensors are required for detection of environmental changes in industrial facilities under harsh conditions, (e.g. underground or subsea pipelines) in both the temporal and spatial domains. The utilization of optical fiber sensors is a promising scheme for environmental monitoring of this kind, owing to advantages including resistance to electromagnetic interference, durability under extreme temperatures and pressures, high transmission rate, light weight, small size, and flexibility. In this paper, the optical fiber sensors employed in environmental monitoring are summarized for understanding of their sensing principles and fabrication processes. Numerous specific applications in petroleum engineering, civil engineering, and agricultural engineering are explored, followed by discussion on the potentials of OFS in manufacturing.

A review on optical fiber sensors for environmental monitoring

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/89440297/OA_Arany_10_STEP_design_Monopile.pdf

Design of monopiles for offshore wind turbines in 10 steps

Correct evaluation of shear modulus and damping characteristics in soils under dynamic loading is key to both the fundamental understanding of soil behavior and the practical application of soil modeling programs. Dynamic centrifuge tests can contribute significant information about soil behavior, but great care must be taken over the signal processing techniques involved, and the test conditions are different from the laboratory experiments that form the database of existing knowledge. This paper outlines several factors that require careful consideration when deriving stiffness and damping parameters from centrifuge data. Shear modulus and damping degradation curves for a dry sand, saturated sand, soft clay and a model waste are then evaluated to explore some of the factors that are introduced during centrifuge tests. Stiffness is seen to be a more reliable parameter than damping ratio. Damping during centrifuge tests for certain materials appeared to differ from the expected values.

Evaluation of Shear Modulus and Damping in Dynamic Centrifuge Tests

The thermal properties of soils are important in a variety of applications, including the thermal performance of buried pipelines and geothermal heat pumps. A variety of methods exist for the prediction of thermal conductivity based on empirical fits to databases of soil thermal conductivities. In this paper an analytical model will be developed based on unidirectional heat flow through a three-phase soil element. The performance of this model will be validated against a database of 155 test measurements from the published literature. A variety of alternative prediction methods will be tested against this dataset, with the model derived here being shown to be at least as good as the best empirical model while retaining a physical origin.

Thermal conductivity of sands

The plastic limit of soils was first described by Atterberg in 1911. The thread-rolling test was standardised at the US Public Roads Bureau in the 1920s and 1930s, and has subsequently become one of the standard tests of soil mechanics. This paper reviews the original definitions of plastic limit as proposed by Atterberg, and proposes that the brittle failure observed in the plastic limit test is caused by either air entry or cavitation in the clay. Critical state soil mechanics is used to show that the observed range of undrained shear strengths of soils at plastic limit is consistent with this hypothesis. The fallacy that strength at plastic limit is a constant is highlighted, and the implications for geotechnical practice are discussed.

/pdf/the-plastic-limit-of-clays-5bs7jeuxog.pdf

The plastic limit of clays

A database of 641 fall cone tests on 101 soil samples from twelve countries has been analysed to determine the best mathematical relationship linking undrained shear strength with liquidity index. From the database, it is shown that the use of a linear relationship linking liquidity index and the logarithm of undrained shear strength that uses the commonly assumed 100-fold factor increase in strength from liquid to plastic limit over-predicts the measured data of soil strength. The use of a factor of about 35 for the ratio between the strength at liquid limit and that extrapolated to plastic limit is shown to be more realistic. Logarithmic liquidity index is examined and found to also correlate strongly with the logarithm of undrained shear strength, however it is shown that no great statistical improvement is present compared with the semilogarithmic formulation. When considering data of individual soils a power law fitting is shown statistically to be the preferred mathematical function.

/pdf/the-undrained-strength-liquidity-index-relationship-5bikrpej9u.pdf

The undrained strength - liquidity index relationship

LEAP-GWU-2015 experiment specifications, results, and comparisons

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/256851/1/Alrtimi_et_al-2016-Applied_Thermal_Engineering-AM.pdf

Stuart K. Haigh

Papers

Thermal conductivity of sands

The plastic limit of clays

The undrained strength - liquidity index relationship

LEAP-GWU-2015 experiment specifications, results, and comparisons

Thermal conductivity of a sandy soil