Corals of the world

The idea of using computers in education has a fairly long history, but the role they play has changed over the years. Early uses often involved using a computer in an instructional capacity, effectively playing the role of the teacher transferring knowledge to an individual. Over time, common use has involved many more collaborative and online elements. The ability for students to work together and to receive quicker feedback from instructors in a classroom setting shows promise for improving the acquisition of knowledge. There are additional benefits that come with the ability to use the same technology outside of the classroom to maintain interaction with classmates and access to external educational resources. Apple tried to take advantage of the rapidly developing educational technology market in the late 1990s by introducing the eMate 300, but the technology was still too expensive to take off. The eMate was discontinued just one year after its release. The more recent One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project has, however, seen some success with its inexpensive XO-1 laptop. OLPC is targeting education, but is focused on developing nations and other underdeveloped regions. As the technology continues to get cheaper, such products will only become more accessible to those in need. —Finn Kuusisto their accounts restored or updated. This adds convenience to the customer who is no longer constrained by timing and distance, and reduces the costs of the network operators tasked with handling cash payments. This integration typifies the kinds of innovations that are set to bring about dramatic changes in the way businesses model themselves, while opening up immense new opportunities for entrepreneurs. Where Internet access is limited, such feature phone applications can do for developing countries what online payment methods did for the developing world. As FabFi seeks to expand, bringing WiFi connectivity to remote areas, the stage is indeed being set to channel the demonstrated innovative ability of higher bandwidth applications to address developing country needs—all served by open source ware and open source techniques. The impact could indeed be significant. My experience working with the DLab class and FabFi project has given me the opportunity to learn about extending advanced technologies using low cost techniques, and also to meet innovative young entrepreneurs implementing their visions, which has been a great inspiration. It is perhaps most interesting to see how engineering innovation from students in the U.S. can be combined with locallygrown innovation in Kenya to create new business models that can be exported globally. I hope educational programs such as these help foster stronger collaboration between engineering students, entrepreneurs, and ICT organizations around the world.

ICT for education

This review is dedicated to the antimicrobial metabolite-producing Pseudoalteromonas strains. The genus Pseudoalteromonas hosts 41 species, among which 16 are antimicrobial metabolite producers. To date, a total of 69 antimicrobial compounds belonging to 18 different families have been documented. They are classified into alkaloids, polyketides, and peptides. Finally as Pseudoalteromonas strains are frequently associated with macroorganisms, we can discuss the ecological significance of antimicrobial Pseudoalteromonas as part of the resident microbiota.

Spotlight on Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Marine Bacteria Pseudoalteromonas: Chemodiversity and Ecological Significance

The 2015–2016 El-Nino and related ocean warming has generated significant coral bleaching and mortality worldwide. In Indonesia, the first signs of bleaching were reported in April 2016. However, this El Nino has impacted Indonesian coral reefs since 2015 through a different process than temperature-induced bleaching. In September 2015, al-timetry data show that sea level was at its lowest in the past 12 years, affecting corals living in the bathymetric range exposed to unusual emersion. In March 2016, Bunaken Island (North Sulawesi) displayed up to 85 % mortality on reef flats dominated by Porites, Heliopora and Goniastrea corals with differential mortality rates by coral genus. Almost all reef flats showed evidence of mortality, representing 30 % of Bunaken reefs. For reef flat communities which were living at a depth close to the pre-El Nino mean low sea level, the fall induced substantial mortality likely by higher daily aerial exposure , at least during low tide periods. Altimetry data were used to map sea level fall throughout Indonesia, suggesting that similar mortality could be widespread for shallow reef flat communities, which accounts for a vast percent of the total extent of coral reefs in Indonesia. The altimetry historical records also suggest that such an event was not unique in the past two decades, therefore rapid sea level fall could be more important in the dynamics and resilience of Indonesian reef flat communities than previously thought. The clear link between mortality and sea level fall also calls for a refinement of the hierarchy of El Nino impacts and their consequences on coral reefs.

/pdf/coral-mortality-induced-by-the-2015-2016-el-nino-in-g25pbqh9ca.pdf

Coral mortality induced by the 2015-2016 El-Niño in Indonesia: the effect of rapid sea level fall

Overexpression of Iris. lactea var. chinensis metallothionein llMT2a enhances cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

We study the transient flow of a Newtonian fluid in rectangular microchannels taking into account boundary slip. An exact solution is derived by using the separation of variables in space and Fourier series expansion in time. It is found that, for different forms of driving pressure field, the effect of boundary slip on the flow behavior is qualitatively different. If the pressure gradient is constant, the flow rate is almost linearly proportional to the slip parameter when is large; if the pressure gradient is in a waveform, as the slip parameter increases, the amplitude of the flow rate increases until approaching a constant value when becomes sufficiently large.

/pdf/transient-flows-of-newtonian-fluid-through-a-rectangular-5ey1b5io2h.pdf

Transient Flows of Newtonian Fluid through a Rectangular Microchannel with Slip Boundary

Lucas and Gibonacci numbers are  two  sequences of numbers derived from a welknown numbers, Fibonacci numbers. The difference between Lucas and Fibonacci numbers only lies on the first and second elements.  The first element in Lucas numbers  is 2 and the second is 1, and nth element,  n ≥ 3 determined by similar pattern as in the Fibonacci numbers, i.e : Ln = Ln-1  + Ln-2.  Gibonacci numbers  G0 , G1 ,G2 , ...; Gn = Gn-1 + Gn-2 are generalized of Fibonacci numbers, and those numbers are nonnegative integers. If G0 = 1 and G1 = 1, then the numbers are the wellknown Fibonacci numbers, and if G0 = 2 and G1 = 1, the numbers are Lucas numbers. Thus, the difference of those three sequences of numbers only lies on the first and second of the elements in the sequences.  For Fibonacci numbers there are quite a lot identities already explored, including the sum of cubes, but there have no discussions yet about the sum of cubes for Lucas and Gibonacci numbers. In this study the sum of  cubes of Lucas and Gibonacci numbers will be discussed and showed that the sum of cubes for Lucas numbers  is   and for Gibonacci numbers is

/pdf/counting-the-sum-of-cubes-for-lucas-and-gibonacci-numbers-20flsfwywd.pdf

Counting the sum of cubes for Lucas and Gibonacci numbers

Metallothionein is an important protein for detoxifying heavy metal ions. Th is research was conducted to isolate and clone cDNA of gene encoding for metallothionein type 2 from Melastoma affi ne. Total RNA was isolated from young leaves. Total cDNA was synthesized from the total RNA by reverse transcription. Th e MaMt2 cDNA was successfully isolated by PCR technique. Th e MaMt2 cDNA was inserted into pGEM-T Easy and the recombinant plasmid was successfully introduced into Escherichia coli DH5α. DNA sequencing analysis showed that this cDNA is full length consisting of 246 pb encoding 81 amino acid residues. Th is cDNA is identical to mRNA of AtMt2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. It does not contain any restriction sites found in the cloning sites of pGEM-T Easy. Th e deduced protein of MaMT2 contains 14 cysteine residues distributed in the Cys-Cys, Cys-X-Cys, and Cys-X-X-Cys motifs.

/pdf/isolation-and-cloning-of-cdna-of-gene-encoding-for-11t3cd1k01.pdf

ISOLATION AND CLONING OF cDNA OF GENE ENCODING FOR METALLOTHIONEIN TYPE 2 FROM MELASTOMA AFFINE

. Nurilmala F, Hutagaol RP, Widhyastini IM, Widyastuti U, Suharsono.2017. Somaclonal variation induction of Bogor taro (Colocasia esculenta) by gamma irradiation. Biodiversitas 18: 28-33. Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is a staple food that all parts of the plants can be consumed from the leaves, stems and corms. In the framework of breeding, diversity of characters has needed and somaclonal variation induction is the one of the utilized technological option. This research aims to develop somaclonal variation of Bogor taro to expand the diversity of character that leads to a new genotype which will then be multiplicated in order to meet the needs of superior seeds. Induction made to the apical shoots culture of Bogor taro with gamma ray irradiation doses of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy. Evaluation of the mutants were conducted with AFLP markers and quantitative similarity analysis using UPGMA method. The results show that the gamma ray give influence on the number of leaves and the highest at doses of 10 Gy, not so on the new shoots and dose 20 Gy is a lethal dose. AFLP analysis of the 13 samples taro Bogor generate 235 fragments in the size of 50-255 bp and produces a dendogram with similarity coefficients 0.49 to 0.81 that the induction of somaclonal variation produces a diversity of up to 51% compared to the parent.Keywords: AFLP analysis, Colocasia esculenta, gamma ray irradiation, somaclonal variations, taroÂ

http://biodiversitas.mipa.uns.ac.id/D/D1801/D180105.pdf

Somaclonal variation induction of Bogor taro (Colocasia esculenta) by gamma irradiation

The important aspect of development of resistant plant to insect pest is source of resistance. Study the resistance of 14 advance soybean breeding lines to common cutworm Spodoptera litura F. was conducted at the Laboratory of Crop Protection, Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) Malang in February-September, 2006. Leaf damage and larval development on resistant genotypes was recorded to measure the level of resistance. It was found that the susceptibility of soybeans to the common cutworm significantly varied among the breeding lines. The leaf damage of IAC-100, IAC 80-596- 2, and W/80-2-4-20 from larval feeding were 17.67, 18.52, and 23.70% respectively lower than Wilis variety with 35.57% of leaf damage. These breeding lines consistently possess same level of resistance to S. litura. In addition, the resistant breeding lines affect on biological aspects i.e. prolonged duration of larval stage, reduced larval and pupae gain weight, and cause significant larval mortality compared with Wilis variety. The study suggested that IAC-100, IAC 80-596-2, and W/80-2-4-20 could be used as a source of resistance for S. litura in breeding program.

https://www.ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/bpn/article/download/4166/3512

Suharsono Suharsono

Papers

Transient Flows of Newtonian Fluid through a Rectangular Microchannel with Slip Boundary

Counting the sum of cubes for Lucas and Gibonacci numbers

ISOLATION AND CLONING OF cDNA OF GENE ENCODING FOR METALLOTHIONEIN TYPE 2 FROM MELASTOMA AFFINE

Somaclonal variation induction of Bogor taro (Colocasia esculenta) by gamma irradiation

Identifikasi Sumber Ketahanan Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai untuk Ulat Grayak Spodoptera litura F.