Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the pandemic on general mental health are of increasing concern, particularly since the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2002–2003) was associated with psychiatric complications.

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COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence.

OVERVIEW The GRA Marketing Internship Program is offered to students who are interested in gaining valuable work experience through efforts in marketing, membership, sales, and events. Interns work directly to assist the Director of Marketing and Communications on various tasks relating to upcoming GRA events. During this internship, students will work a minimum of 10 hours a week and a maximum of 20 hours a week. Students are encouraged to earn credit for their internship, however this is a paid internship. Students interested in obtaining credit for their internship must consult their academic advisor or the intern coordinator at their academic unit.

Role of WHO.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused enormous psychological impact worldwide. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the psychological and mental impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers, the general population, and patients with higher COVID-19 risk published between 1 Nov 2019 to 25 May 2020. We conducted literature research using Embase, PubMed, Google scholar and WHO COVID-19 databases. Among the initial search of 9207 studies, 62 studies with 162,639 participants from 17 countries were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression was 33% (95% confidence interval: 28%-38%) and 28% (23%-32%), respectively. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was the highest among patients with pre-existing conditions and COVID-19 infection (56% [39%-73%] and 55% [48%-62%]), and it was similar between healthcare workers and the general public. Studies from China, Italy, Turkey, Spain and Iran reported higher-than-pooled prevalence among healthcare workers and the general public. Common risk factors included being women, being nurses, having lower socioeconomic status, having high risks of contracting COVID-19, and social isolation. Protective factors included having sufficient medical resources, up-to-date and accurate information, and taking precautionary measures. In conclusion, psychological interventions targeting high-risk populations with heavy psychological distress are in urgent need.

The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

How mental health care should change as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial and mental health implications for children and adolescents. The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection. Aims This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. Methodology We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected articles and thematically organized them. We put up their major findings under the thematic areas of impact on young children, school and college going students, children and adolescents with mental health challenges, economically underprivileged children, impact due to quarantine and separation from parents and the advisories of international organizations. We have also provided recommendations to the above. Conclusion There is a pressing need for planning longitudinal and developmental studies, and implementing evidence based elaborative plan of action to cater to the psycho social and mental health needs of the vulnerable children and adolescents during pandemic as well as post pandemic. There is a need to ameliorate children and adolescents’ access to mental health support services geared towards providing measures for developing healthy coping mechanisms during the current crisis. For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.

Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations.

Background Panic buying is an emerging phenomenon observed during, but not restricted to, pandemic. Aim We aimed to evaluate the nature, extent, and impact of panic buying as reported in the media. Methods This study was conducted by collecting the information from the English media reports published till 22nd May 2020. A structured format was developed to collect data. Searching was done by using the keyword “panic buying”. We have excluded the social media posts discussing the panic buying. Results The majority of media reporting was from the USA (40.7 %), and about 46 % of reports highlighted the scarce item. Approximately 82 % of the reports presented the causes of panic buying whereas almost 80 % report covered the impact of it. About 25.7 % of reports highlighted the rumor about panic buying and only 9.3 % of reports blamed the government. Only 27.1 % reports described the remedial measures, 30.8 % reports conferred the news on the psychology behind panic buying and 67.3 % news displayed the images of empty shelves. Conclusion A high proportion of reports on panic buying have been found from the developed countries discussing the causes & impact of panic buying on the basis of expert opinion.

Panic buying: An insight from the content analysis of media reports during COVID-19 pandemic

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Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a time tested treatment modality for the management of various psychiatric disorders. There have been a lot of...

How Electroconvulsive Therapy Works?: Understanding the Neurobiological Mechanisms.

COVID-19 pandemic and addiction: Current problems and future concerns.

To the Editor, Among the many special situations resulting from the COVID-19, panic buying is one of them which creates anxiety, fear, panic, and agitation. The phenomenon may happen in response to the impending catastrophe that can raise the price and take the necessary goods out of the hands of people (Lufkin 2020). It is considered as “a situation in which many people suddenly buy as much food, fuel, etc. as they can because they are worried about something bad that may happen” (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020). However, there is no established consensus regarding the definition, and to date authors could not find any definition from peer-reviewed articles. This identifies the area where it needs to be ascertained precisely. The panic buying (PB) episodes have been observed during this pandemic in many parts of the world such as Singapore, Japan, Australia, Italy, Spain, UK, and the USA (Sim et al. 2020). Some psychological explanations have been discussed attributing the PB behavior such as the perceived scarcity effect, perceived sense of losing control over the environment, perceived insecurity, social learning, instinctual behavior, infidelity toward the ruling government, and influences of media (Arafat et al. 2020). Although it covers the multiple disciplines of life such as behavioral science, marketing, supply chain, social science, economics, and disaster management, there is a dearth of empirical studies exploring the issue. Here, we aimed to discuss the controlling measures that can reduce the PB as well as the challenges of general people and the dealing authority.

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Sujita Kumar Kar

Papers

Panic buying: An insight from the content analysis of media reports during COVID-19 pandemic

Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey.

How Electroconvulsive Therapy Works?: Understanding the Neurobiological Mechanisms.

COVID-19 pandemic and addiction: Current problems and future concerns.

Possible Controlling Measures of Panic Buying During COVID-19.