Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the pandemic on general mental health are of increasing concern, particularly since the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2002–2003) was associated with psychiatric complications.

/pdf/covid-19-pandemic-and-mental-health-consequences-systematic-4zfqin5xqe.pdf

COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence.

OVERVIEW The GRA Marketing Internship Program is offered to students who are interested in gaining valuable work experience through efforts in marketing, membership, sales, and events. Interns work directly to assist the Director of Marketing and Communications on various tasks relating to upcoming GRA events. During this internship, students will work a minimum of 10 hours a week and a maximum of 20 hours a week. Students are encouraged to earn credit for their internship, however this is a paid internship. Students interested in obtaining credit for their internship must consult their academic advisor or the intern coordinator at their academic unit.

Role of WHO.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused enormous psychological impact worldwide. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the psychological and mental impact of COVID-19 among healthcare workers, the general population, and patients with higher COVID-19 risk published between 1 Nov 2019 to 25 May 2020. We conducted literature research using Embase, PubMed, Google scholar and WHO COVID-19 databases. Among the initial search of 9207 studies, 62 studies with 162,639 participants from 17 countries were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression was 33% (95% confidence interval: 28%-38%) and 28% (23%-32%), respectively. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was the highest among patients with pre-existing conditions and COVID-19 infection (56% [39%-73%] and 55% [48%-62%]), and it was similar between healthcare workers and the general public. Studies from China, Italy, Turkey, Spain and Iran reported higher-than-pooled prevalence among healthcare workers and the general public. Common risk factors included being women, being nurses, having lower socioeconomic status, having high risks of contracting COVID-19, and social isolation. Protective factors included having sufficient medical resources, up-to-date and accurate information, and taking precautionary measures. In conclusion, psychological interventions targeting high-risk populations with heavy psychological distress are in urgent need.

The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

How mental health care should change as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial and mental health implications for children and adolescents. The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection. Aims This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. Methodology We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected articles and thematically organized them. We put up their major findings under the thematic areas of impact on young children, school and college going students, children and adolescents with mental health challenges, economically underprivileged children, impact due to quarantine and separation from parents and the advisories of international organizations. We have also provided recommendations to the above. Conclusion There is a pressing need for planning longitudinal and developmental studies, and implementing evidence based elaborative plan of action to cater to the psycho social and mental health needs of the vulnerable children and adolescents during pandemic as well as post pandemic. There is a need to ameliorate children and adolescents’ access to mental health support services geared towards providing measures for developing healthy coping mechanisms during the current crisis. For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.

Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations.

Multiphysics Stress Analysis of a 1.5 T Superconducting MRI Magnet

Indian Journal of Psychiatry Volume 60, Issue 4, October-December 2018 511 4. Singh OP. District mental health program-need to look into strategies in the era of mental health care act, 2017 and moving beyond Bellary model. Indian J Psychiatry 2018;60:163-4. 5. Murthy RS. The national mental health programme: Progress and problem; mental health, an Indian perspective, 19462003. In: Agarwal SP, editor. Directorate General of Health Services. New Delhi: MOHFW; 2003. Access this article online

Understanding the correlates of manic episode in a woman with insular glioma.

Female Dhat syndrome (FDS) is not yet an established clinical entity, but nonpathological vaginal discharge has been discussed in the scientific literature for quite a long time. Various studies ha...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/26318318211049547

Distress Due to Nonpathological Vaginal Discharge: A New Face of Dhat Syndrome in Females:

Dermatitis artefacta: A consequence of self-injurious behavior during dissociative amnesia

Psychoeducation is an important element of psychiatric treatment. It has a significant role in promoting mental health, preventing mental illness, increasing mental health awareness, creating opportunities and improving the quality of life of the patient, caregivers and the community. There are many models explaining the process of psychoeducation. Applicability of different psychoeducational models depends upon the clinical judgement and feasibility. This review focuses on different models of psychoeducation, barriers of psychoeducation and finding a suitable model for Indian population. INTRODUCTION Psychoeducation could be defined as a patient’s empowering training targeted at promoting awareness and proactivity, providing tools to manage, cope and live with a chronic condition (i.e. adherence enhancement, early warning sign identification, lifestyle, crisis management, communication), and changing behaviors and attitudes related to the condition [1]. It replaces guilt by responsibility, helplessness by proactive care and denial by awareness[1]. Merely informing the patient and his/her family about the disorder and some general information about treatment / prevention/ crisis management is not psychoeducation [1]. It is education and training about a condition that causes stress to the person. Better understanding of condition leads to a feeling of control and results in reduced stress associated with the condition. A person will feel more relaxed and in control of their condition if they have a greater level of understanding. An education about their condition is more likely to make people actively participate in their self-management and relapse prevention. This tends to brings about positive social and self-esteem changes which add to the individual’s self efficacy and the accompanying benefits from other psychotherapies and medications. Psychoeducation is highly effective in [2 4] preventing relapse, identification of early warning signs treatment adherence. The psycho-educational model can be divided in many ways. 1. According to the target population for psychoeducation a. Individual b. Family c. Group d. Community 2. According to the focus of psycho-education a. Compliance / Adherence focused b. Illness focused c. Treatment focused d. Rehabilitation focused etc Individual Psychoeducation Individual psychoeducation can be more specific and focused and can cover information and content that is more relevant for an individual situation. If group situations are not comfortable then individual psychotherapy with the safety and confidentiality of one to one interaction with a therapist or doctor may be more suitable. Group psychotherapy Group psychotherapy is a form of therapy in which people share therapeutic experiences under the guidance of a therapist. Group therapy helps people learn to improve their interpersonal relationships. The group therapy session is a collaborative effort.Usually a typical session lasts about 75-90 minutes; where members share their own problems, feelings, ideas and reactions. This exploration gives the information needed to understand and help one another. Members gain insight for themselves, their issues they gain encouragement from other participants and provide support and direction for others struggling with issues they have faced in the past. Group therapy has shown to benefit in variety of illness both in medical and psychiatric disorders like, heart diseases, diabetes, epilepsy, schizophrenia [5], bipolar disorder[4], attention-deficit and/or hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Family psychoeducation It is a therapeutic method of training families to take part collaboratively with the mental health professionals in the management plan of their family member with psychiatric disorder.The family psychoeducation training is intended for [6 – 9] mental health awareness, educate about coping skills, prevent relapse, ensure compliance, readjust the expectations, strengthen psycho-social support, improve social & occupational functioning, support the family.The immediate goal of family psychoeducation is the benefit of the patient and long term goal being benefit of patient & his / her family [6 – 9]Different models of family psychoeducation [6 – 9] are (a)Single family psychoeducation group,(b)Multiple family psychoeducation group, (c)mixed family psychoeducation group (includes family members as well as the patient). In studies, it was found that at least 10 family psychoeducation sessions are required to be effective in reducing the family burden and mixed group family psychoeducation is more effective than single family psychoeducation group [6 – 9].Family psychoeducation leads to [6 – 9] decreased relapse rate, hospitalizationcost of treatment and caregiver burden. Family psychoeducation is found to be effective in schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorder (anorexia nervosa) and borderline personality disorder [6 – 9].

/pdf/models-of-psychoeducation-an-indian-perspective-ysu9tf2zor.pdf

Sujita Kumar Kar

Papers

Multiphysics Stress Analysis of a 1.5 T Superconducting MRI Magnet

Understanding the correlates of manic episode in a woman with insular glioma.

Distress Due to Nonpathological Vaginal Discharge: A New Face of Dhat Syndrome in Females:

Dermatitis artefacta: A consequence of self-injurious behavior during dissociative amnesia

Models of Psychoeducation: an Indian Perspective