Local illegal trade reveals unknown diversity and involves a high species richness of wild vascular epiphytes

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Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Ecosystems

Biodiversity, current developments and potential biotechnological applications of phosphorus-solubilizing and -mobilizing microbes: A review

The cycad Ceratozamia mirandae is endemic to Chiapas, Mexico. Demographic studies were made in two of its populations in the Sepultura Biosphere Reserve under different conservation con- ditions; in the nucleus zone ''Tres Picos'' (conserved) and buffer zone ''La Sombra'' (disturbed and under management). Spatial distribution of C. mirandae was aggregated, showed a clumped local distribution on shallow soils on steep slopes and male and female cones appear to be synchronous in both populations. The population structure was of type I (Bongers) for both sites. Individuals between the sites showed dif- ferences in growth pattern. The oldest plants (80- 90 cm tall) were estimated to be about 490 years at ''La Sombra''. The finite growth rate (k) in the buffer zone population showed a tendency for decrease whilst in the nucleus zone this estimate remained stable. The highest elasticity values lied in the transition of the first three classes of the ''La Sombra'' population, in ''Tres Picos'' this corresponded to adult plants between 20 and 30 cm tall. Given the above, it is proposed that in the nucleus zone, reproductive adults should be of highest conservation priority, whereas in the buffer zone seedling reintroduction should be carried out regularly until the population increases. We recom- mend an IUCN Red List category of Vulnerable (VU C, 2a), largely due to difficult-to-control destructive annual forest fires that occur in this Reserve.

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Demography of the cycad Ceratozamia mirandae (Zamiaceae) under disturbed and undisturbed conditions in a biosphere reserve of Mexico

The occurrence and distribution of an actinobacteria group of bacteria capable of dissolving insoluble phosphates were investigated in this study in marine environments, especially in sediments of Chorao Island, Goa Province, India. A total of 200 bacterial isolates of actinobacteria was isolated. All isolates were screened for phosphate-solubilizing activity on Pikovskaya’s agar. Thirteen different isolates exhibiting maximum formation of halos (zone of solubilization) around the bacterial colonies were selected for quantitative estimations of P-solubilization. Quantitative estimations for P-solubilization were analyzed for up to 10 days at intervals of 24 h. Maximum solubilization from 89.3 ± 3.1 to 164.1 ± 4.1 μg ml−1 was observed after 6 days of incubation in six of all isolates, while the isolate NII-1020 showed maximum P-solubilization. The increase in solubilization coincided with the drop in pH. Many of these species showed wide range of tolerance to temperature, pH, and salt concentrations. Further, 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses were carried to identify the bacterial groups which are actively solubilized phosphate in vitro. Gene sequencing results reveal that all isolates were clustered into six different actinobacterial genera: Streptomyces, Microbacterium, Angustibacter, Kocuria, Isoptericola, and Agromyces. The presence of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and their ability to solubilize phosphate were indicative of the important role played by bacteria in the biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus and the plant growth in coastal ecosystems.

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Marine actinobacteria showing phosphate-solubilizing efficiency in Chorao Island, Goa, India.

A study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) from soil samples of Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG). Eleven soil samples were collected randomly to estimate microbial population which used plate count method. The result showed that the microbial population ranged from 5.0x103-7.5x106 cells of bacteria/gram of soil and 5.0x103-1.5x107 cells of bacteria/gram of soil for PSB and NFB respectively. There were 17 isolates which have been identified till genus and species. The isolated microorganism were identified as PSB i.e. Bacillus sp., B. pantothenticus, B. megatherium, Flavobacterium sp., F. breve, Klebsiella sp., K. aerogenes, Chromobacterium lividum, Enterobacter alvei, E. agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp. and as NFB i.e. Azotobacter sp., A. chroococcum, A. paspalii, Rhizobium sp., and Azospirillum sp.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: phosphate- solubilizing bacteria, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Wamena Biological Garden

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Isolation and Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing and Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from Soil in Wamena Biological Garden, Jayawijaya, Papua

The isolation, identification and population of soil microbes from rizosphere at WBiG had been done in the Soil Laboratories Microbiology, Microbiology Division, Research Center of Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bogor. The soil was collected randomly from 16 sites in WBiG, and taken from 0-15 cm depth. Isolates of microbes were identified by Bergeys manual method for bacteria; Ellis method for fungi, and the morphology of isolate method for Actinomycetes. The population of microbes was estimated by plate count method. The result of isolation, identification and population soil microbes from 16 samples in WBiG showed that 20 isolates of bacteria (Azotobactersp., Accinetobacter sp. , Bacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., Flavobacterium sp., Klebsiella sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium sp., Thiobacillus sp., Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter chrococcum, Bacillus panthothenticus, Chromobacterium violaceum, C.lividum,Escherrrichia coli, Flavobacterium breve, Klebsiella aerogenes, Spaerotillus natans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis); nine isolates of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Bisporomyces, Monilia sp., Cephalospharium sp., Verticillum sp., Giocladium sp., Penicillium sp., Nelicocephalum sp., and Cuninghamella sp.), and seven isolates of Actinomycetes (Streptomyces, Streptosporangium, Nocardia, Thermomonospora,Thermoactinomyces, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium). The population of Bacillus (108-109), Rhizobium (106-107), Azospirillum (106-107),and Thiobacillus (104 -109 ) were founded all of soil samples.iƒ“ 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: soil microbes, Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG).

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Biodiversity of Soil Microbes from Rhizosphere at Wamena Biological Garden (WBiG), Jayawijaya, Papua

The potential of phosphate solubilizing bacteria/PSB (Bacillus megaterium, B. pantothenticus, Chromobacterium lividum and Klebsiella aerogenes) were used as biofertilizer to increase the fresh leaf production of green mustard (Brasica caventis Oed.). An experiment was conducted at green house condition. The experiment were used 18 treatments such as single isolate of potential PSB (A,B,C,D), inoculants contain two isolates of potential PSB (E,F,G,H,I,J), inoculants contain three isolates of potential PSB (K, L, M, N), inoculants contain four isolate of potential PSB (O), chemistry fertilizer (P = control 1), organic fertilizer (Q = control 2), and without fertilizer (R = control 3). The treatments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 replications. The result showed that the inoculants of potential PSB increased the fresh plant production of green mustard. The mix of four isolates of potential PSB (inoculants O) was the best to increase the fresh plant production of green mustard until 32.87% than other PSB inoculants, 207.84% than control 1,217.23% than control 2, and 930.60% than control 3. Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: BPF/PSB, Wamena Biological Garden, Brasica caventis Oed.

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Augmentation of potential phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) stimulate growth of green mustard (Brasica caventis Oed.) in marginal soil

ABSTRAK. Penggunaan pupuk organik dalam budidaya sayuran memiliki beberapa keuntungan, terutama untuk mempertahankan kondisi tanah dan menekan penggunaan pupuk anorganik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Cidawu (1.250 m dpl.), Cibodas, Kabupaten Cianjur, Provinsi Jawa Barat, mulai bulan Januari sampai Desember 2007. Sampel tanah dikoleksi dari daerah berbeda di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kompos yang diperkaya dengan bakteri pelarut fosfat (phosphate solubilizing bacteria=PSB) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kapri dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Varietas kapri yang digunakan ialah varietas lokal. Perlakuan terdiri atas (A) tanpa pupuk, (B) pupuk anorganik (TSP+KCl+Urea), (C) kotoran ayam + sekam, (D) kompos, dan (E) kompos plus, yaitu kompos yang diberi campuran bakteri, yaitu bakteri penambat nitrogen simbiotik, bakteri penambat nitrogen nonsimbiotik, dan bakteri pelarut fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran bakteri yang diisolasi dari tanah gambut di Kalimantan Barat yang terkandung dalam kompos plus dapat beradaptasi dengan baik pada lahan di lokasi penelitian. Populasi total SNFB, NSNFB, dan PSB meningkat masing-masing menjadi 9,15 x 108, 9,34 x 108, dan 9,35 x 108 sel/g tanah. Keberadaan campuran bakteri tersebut mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim fosfatase asam dan basa di dalam tanah. Peningkatan tertinggi aktivitas enzim fosfomonoesterase asam dan basa dicapai pada perlakuan kompos plus. Perlakuan tersebut juga meningkatkan berat buah kapri dibandingkan dengan kontrol (75,32 %), perlakuan pupuk kimia (45,48%), kotoran ayam + sekam ( 31,19 %), dan kompos (15,60 %). Pemanfaatan campuran bakteri pelarut fosfat tersebut dalam kompos diharapkan dapat digunakan secara meluas dalam pembudidayaan kapri dalam sistem organic farming (OF), sehingga berperan dalam peningkatan produksi dan sekaligus menekan penggunaan pupuk anorganik. ABSTRACT. Widawati, S., Suliasih, and A. Muharam. 2010. The Effect of Compost Enriched with Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on the Growth of Peas and the Activity of Phosphatase Enzymes in the Soil. The use of organic materials on cultivation of vegetable crops has some advantages, especially for maintaining suitable soil conditions and decreasing the utilization of inorganic fertilizers. The research was carried out at Cidawu Village, Cibodas (1,250 m asl.), Cianjur, West Java, from January to December 2007. Soil samples were collected from some different areas in Pontianak, West Kalimantan. The research was aimed to determine the effect of compost enriched with mixed phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth of peas and on the activity of phosphatase enzymes in the soil. A randomized block design with five treatments and three replications was used in the experiment. A local variety of peas was utilized in the experiment. The treatments were the addition of fertilizers consisted of (A) without any fertilizer, (B) with inorganic fertilizers i.e. TSP+KCl+Urea, (C) with chicken dung + rice husk, (D) with compost, and (E) with compost plus (compost enriched with symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria/SNFB, nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria/NSNFB, and PSB). The results showed that the mixed bacteria isolated from peat soil in West Kalimantan in the compost plus (treatment E) properly adapted in soil conditions at the site of the experiment. The total populations of SNFB, NSNFB, and PSB were increased up to 9.15 x 108, 9.34 x 108, and 9.35 x 108 cell/g soil, respectively. The occurrence of the mixed bacteria increased the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The highest activities of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase enzymes in the soil achieved by the treatment of compost plus. The treatment increased the fresh weight of peas compared to control (75.32 %), to the chemical fertilizers (45.48%), to chicken dung+rice husk ( 31.19 %), and to compost (15.60 %). The widely application of the mixed PSB in compost is hopefully established in cultivation of peas in the organic farming (OF) system, then it will confidently support on the increase of peas production, and the decrease of inorganic fertilizers as well.

https://www.ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/jhort/article/download/728/545

Pengaruh Kompos yang Diperkaya Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen dan Pelarut Fosfat terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kapri dan Aktivitas Enzim Fosfatase dalam Tanah

Post tin mining soil is generally marginal with low pH, has poor nutrient content, and is thus unfavorable for plant growth, particularly for Sorghum bicolor , which is a nutrient-demanding plant. Indigenous bacteria are usually used in bioaugmentation to ameliorate environmental degradation due to their ability to adapt well. This research aimed to isolate indigenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria and evaluate its potential for promoting the growth of S. bicolor on post tin mining soil. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from post tin mining soil by using specific media and identified by Bergey’s manual. Twenty five isolates were obtained, and eight of them ( Azospirillum sp . , Azospirillum lipoferum , Azotobacter chroococcum , A. paspalii , and Rhizobium sp.) were identified as nitrogen-fixing bacteria. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The first factors were fertilizers, i.e., NPK; A. lipoferum CBT4 + NPK; A. lipoferum CBT4; and without fertilizer (control). The second factors were soil types, i.e., A (fertile soil from Cibinong), B (soil from Bangka Botanical Garden), C (soil from post tin mines two years after mining), and D (soil from active tin mining). Result showed that Azospirillum lipoferum CBT4 isolated from C (soil from post tin mines two years after mining) exhibited the highest IAA, Ca-P solubilizing ability, and PME-ase activity. This species survived up to a population of 10 7 CFU/gram soil in the three types of post tin mining soils and could be a potential plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) species for effectively improving the growth of S. bicolor plant on post tin-mining soil.

Suliasih Suliasih

Papers

Isolation and Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing and Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from Soil in Wamena Biological Garden, Jayawijaya, Papua

Biodiversity of Soil Microbes from Rhizosphere at Wamena Biological Garden (WBiG), Jayawijaya, Papua

Augmentation of potential phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) stimulate growth of green mustard (Brasica caventis Oed.) in marginal soil

Pengaruh Kompos yang Diperkaya Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen dan Pelarut Fosfat terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kapri dan Aktivitas Enzim Fosfatase dalam Tanah

Role of Indigenous Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria in Promoting Plant Growth on Post Tin Mining Soil