. Herlinda S, Octariati N, Suwandi S, Hasbi. 2020. Exploring entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) soil and their pathogenicity against a new invasive maize pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. Biodiversitas 21: 2955-2965. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a new invasive maize pest in Indonesia that can cause maize yield losses of 18 million tons/year. To overcome the pest, local-specific entomopathogenic fungi are needed. This study aimed to explore entomopathogenic fungi from soil in South Sumatra and to determine their pathogenicity against S. frugiperda larvae. The fungi exploration was carried out in the lowlands and highlands of South Sumatra and the pathogenicity of obtained isolates were tested against the third instar larvae. The entomopathogenic fungi found were Metarhizium spp. and were successfully isolated as many as 14 isolates. All of the isolates were pathogenic to S. frugiperda larvae (70.67?78.67% mortality), the most pathogenic caused 78.67% mortality and significantly suppressed the emergence of adults up to 81.2%. Unhealthy larvae had a dry, shrunken, shrinking, odorless body, and its integument was covered in mycelia and conidia like yellowish-white powdery mixed with dark green. The unhealthy pupae and adults were in the abnormal and malformation shape. The abnormal pupae were shorter in size, bent, the to-be wings got wrinkled, and darker color, while the unhealthy adults had folded wings and were unable to fly. The two most pathogenic isolates were found from the lowland (PirOI) and highland (CasPsPGA) soil of South Sumatra. In conclusion, both of these isolates had the potential to be developed into local-specific mycoinsecticides to control pest insects in the highlands and/or lowlands in Indonesia.

/pdf/exploring-entomopathogenic-fungi-from-south-sumatra-3kkpvcmuxd.pdf

Exploring entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) soil and their pathogenicity against a new invasive maize pest, Spodoptera frugiperda

. Gustianingtyas M, Herlinda S, Suwandi. 2021. The endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their pathogenicity against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Biodiversitas 22: 1051-1062. Maize in Indonesia is currently experiencing attacks and outbreaks of the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. The S. frugiperda larvae emerge from the leaf midrib when eating, after hiding in the maize stalk so that it is difficult to control by contact. This study aimed to find out the endophytic fungi from the roots of maize, banana and chili in South Sumatra and to determine their pathogenicity against S. frugiperda larvae. The endophytic fungi were isolated from the plant roots. Fungal isolates proven to be endophytic were dropped (1 × 106 conidia mL?1) on the second instar larvae. The result showed that the endophytic fungi found were 8 isolates consisting of the genus, Aspergillus sp., Beauveria sp., Chaetomium sp., and Curvularia sp. First report of Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., and Curvularia sp. have insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae. However, the two most pathogenic isolates were JgCrJr and JgSPK isolates of Beauveria sp. with larval mortality of 29.33% and 26.67%, respectively, and could reduce the emergence of S. frugiperda adults up to 44%. So, the two isolates of Beauveria sp. have a high potential to be developed to control S. frugiperda larvae in maize both in the lowlands and the highlands.

/pdf/the-endophytic-fungi-from-south-sumatra-indonesia-and-their-3kywrfvuyx.pdf

The endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their pathogenecity against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

This qualitative research aimed to formulize the levelling of students’ critical ability in solving
mathematics problem based on gender. The data collection was gathered by interview based task.
The research subjects were the eleventh grader students of SMA Islam Sultan Agung Semarang.
This research revealed that (1) the more critical students’: (a) the female was able to solve a
problem correctly and carefully. Besides, she looking back her works, (b) the male was able to solve
a problem correctly but he did not careful and did not looking back his works, (2) the critical
students, (a) while planning the problem they tend to be trial and error, (b) the female student
looking back her works, but the male student did not, and (3) the less critical students, they were
able to create the plan by writing the formula several times but they were not able to solve the
problem correctly.
Keywords: critical thinking ability, mathematics problem, gender

Leveling of students’ critical ability in solving mathematicsproblem based on gender differences

. Herlinda S, Efendi RA, Suharjo R, Hasbi, Setiawan A, Elfita, Verawaty M. 2020. New emerging entomopathogenic fungi isolated from soil in South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas 21: 5102-5113. This study was carried out to confirm identity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae using sequence analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region as well as the two unknown isolates of EPF and to investigate their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae. The EPF species were identified based on morphological characters and molecular analysis. Their culture filtrate and conidial bioassays were performed on S. litura larvae. The species found were Penicillium citrinum (BKbTp), Talaromyces diversus (MSwTp1), B. bassiana (BSwTd4), and M. anisopliae (MSwTp3) and have been deposited in the GenBank. All EPF species have high insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae. The highest larvae mortality caused by filtrate was found on P. citrinum (98.67%) and not significantly different from those of T. diversus (96%), but significantly different from B. bassiana (86.67%) and M anisopliae (82.67%). The highest larvae mortality caused by the conidia was also occurred to P. citrinum (98.67%) which was not significantly different from those of T. diversus (97.33%), B. bassiana (86.67%), and M. anisopliae (86.67%). The LT50 caused by T. diversus filtrate was the shortest (6.19 days) and not significantly different from those caused by P. citrinum (6.62 days). The shortest LT50 caused by conidia was found on P. citrinum (5.45 days). Therefore, the conidia and filtrate of P. citrinum, a new emerging entomopathogenic fungus, has the highest insecticidal activity. P. citrinum has the potential to be developed into commercial mycoinsecticides.

/pdf/new-emerging-entomopathogenic-fungi-isolated-from-soil-in-2xuiq8ihd2.pdf

New emerging entomopathogenic fungi isolated from soil in South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura

 Habisukan UH, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A, Kurniawati AR 2021 Diversity of endophytic fungi in Syzygium aqueum Biodiversitas 22: 1129-1137 Exploring endophytic fungi may provide alternative, plant-based ethnomedicines The discovery of endophytic fungi can produce many plant-derived drugs that give new horizons to the pharmaceutical industry for the availability and production of such medicines on a large scale Extracts from Syzygium aqueum Alston (jambu air), a fruit-bearing plant native to Indonesia, have long been used in traditional medicine Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify, and investigate, the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic fungi found in S aqueum Results revealed that total16 fungi were isolated  Fungal endophytes were identified through morphological characterization and subsequently compared with key fungal identification books The ethyl acetate extracts of the isolated endophytic fungi were screened for their antimicrobial activity through paper disc diffusion assay fungi isolated from S aqueum were identified as: Aspergillus niger (Isolate code R21, R41, T72), Cylindrocarpon sp (Isolate code R11, R31), Trichoderma aureoviridae (Isolate code T11), Trichoderma harzianum (Isolate code T21), Trichoderma sp (Isolate code T31), Pestalotia sp (Isolate code T41and T62), Beltrania sp (Isolate code T52), Chaetomium sp (Isolate code L11), Cochliobolus sp (Isolate code L22), Penicillium sp (Isolate code L32), Cylindrocladium sp (Isolate code L42), and an unidentified Ascomycota (T51) The values of Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indexes for the overall fungal community were H?=2133 and 1-D=0859 respectively All isolates showed potential antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus, but the lowest activity against Candida albicans The results indicate that the bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites of these isolates should be further investigated for pharmaceutical applications

/pdf/diversity-of-endophytic-fungi-in-syzygium-aqueum-1c33kbtinf.pdf

Diversity of endophytic fungi in Syzygium aqueum

The use of secondary fungal metabolites for the active ingredient of mycoinsecticide is more effective and
more easily integrated with other pest control techniques. This study aimed to measure the toxicity of the culture filtrate of entomopathogenic fungi originating from South Sumatra against the Spodoptera litura larvae. Beauveria bassiana (25 isolates) and Metarhizium anisopliae (20 isolates) of South Sumatra were cultured in liquid media and filtered to produce culture filtrate. The larvae
which were sick due to the filtrate showed the symptoms of decreased appetite and were not actively moving, while the dead larvae were characterized by being wrinkled, dry, black integument, and odorless. Mortality caused by B. bassiana filtrate was the highest 98% (BJgTs isolate) and not significantly different from the BSwTd2 isolate (94.67%). Yet, the LT50 BSwTd2 isolate was shorter (5.92 days) compared to the LT50 BJgTs isolate (6.35 days). The most toxic M. anisopliae filtrate produced the mortality of 96% (MKbTp2 isolate) and 85.33% (MPdB isolate) each of which had LT50 of 7.36 days and 8.09 days, respectively. So, the most toxic culture filtrate was BSwTd2 isolate of B. bassiana and MKbTp2 isolate of M. anisopliae. The entomopathogenic fungi producing filtrate which are toxic
have the potential to be active ingredients of mycoinsecticides.

/pdf/toxicity-of-entomopathogenic-fungal-culture-filtrate-of-2xvfbu2jib.pdf

Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate of lowland and highland soil of South Sumatra (Indonesia) against Spodoptera litura larvae

Critical thinking needs to be integrated into the learning of mathematics in the 21st century and the industrial revolution 4.0. A learning model that supports the inculcation of critical thinking skills is problem-based. To implement the problem-based learning model, appropriate learning resources are needed. However, existing learning resources do not yet support the development of students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to analyze the needs of learning resources and then design student worksheets for problem-based learning models to improve critical thinking skills. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of the study were students of Muhammadiyah Middle School. The objects of research are essential skills of thinking, problem-based learning models, and student worksheets. Data collection instruments used interview guidelines, questionnaires, and validation sheets. The data obtained were analyzed using the Miles-Huberman model, which consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. This study produces an analysis of the needs of learning resources that are appropriate to the characteristics of students, curriculum, and subject matter. The study also provided a valid student worksheet design. This student worksheet design can be used by teachers who want to develop student worksheets that fit the problem-based learning model. This student worksheet design is also designed to improve students' critical thinking skills.

/pdf/analysis-and-design-of-pbl-based-mathematics-students-q37jvs35sp.pdf

Analysis and Design of PBL-Based Mathematics Students Worksheet to Improve Critical Thinking Skills

Entomopathogenic fungi have been widely used to control insect pests. The objective of this experiment was to find out the insecticidal activity of filtrate of entomopathogenic fungal cultures exposed to ultra violet (UV) C against the larvae of Spodoptera litura. The fungi used were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and their liquid cultures exposed to UV C (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 watts) for 6 hours. The results showed that the larva mortality caused by B. bassiana culture filtrate without irradiation was the highest (97.3%) and significantly different from those caused by M. anisopliae culture filtrate (96.0%). However, the mortality caused by B. bassiana culture filtrate irradiated with UV C decreased significantly compared to the mortality caused by M. anisopliae culture filtrate irradiated by UV C. LT50 of the filtrate of M. anisopliae culture irradiated with UV C was 10.51 days and was significantly shorter than those of B. bassiana (18.09 days). Thus, the M. anisopliae was more resistant to irradiation compared to B. bassiana.

Effect of Application of UV Irradiated Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on Larval Weight and Mortality of Spodoptera litura

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the process of Indonesia language learning is held in online in which it needs supporting technological tools and innovative learning approaches or models to create interactive and interesting learning process of Indonesia language. A bibliometric analysis was used to provide the bibliographic and bibliometric review related to the emerging trends of technology-based foreign language learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. VOSviewer and Publish or Perish (PoP) were some software employed to analyze the documents published between 2020 and 2022 from the Scopus database. The results revealed that there were 100 publications and 199 citations regarding the use of technology in foreign language learning in which the development of the number of publications and citations relatively fluctuated. Digital platforms such as learning management systems and social media applications were the trending technologies supporting the foreign language learning process. Subsequently, the trending foreign language learning in the COVID-19 pandemic implemented distance or online learning involving blended learning, mobile learning, or remote learning. Therefore, this study specifically implicates the Indonesian language learning in which teachers or lecturers can implement distance or online learning in teaching the Indonesian language to prevent the deployment of COVID-19 supported by digital platforms.

/pdf/a-bibliometric-analysis-of-technology-based-foreign-language-3k8ugalm.pdf

A Bibliometric Analysis of Technology-Based Foreign Language Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Direction for Indonesia Language Learning

Beauveria bassiana has been widely used to control lepidopteran larvae, such as Spodoptera litura. The objective of this research was to observe the mortality and median Lethal Time (LT50) of larval S. litura after exposure of filtrate of B. bassiana cultures incubated under temperatures of 25o and 34oC. The isolates used were 10 isolates of B. bassiana and they were incubated under temperatures 25 and 34 °C in liquid media for 6 wk. The results showed that the highest mortality caused by B. bassiana was found on the fungus incubated under 25 °C and was significantly different from that of temperature 34 °C. The shortest LT50 of larval S. litura was found on the fungus incubated under temperature 25 °C and was significantly different from that of temperature 34 °C. The highest mortality was found on isolate BTmPc (96%) incubated under temperature 25 °C with the shortest LT50 (7.51 d), which was not significantly different from isolate BTmTr (93.33%) incubated under temperature 25 °C with the LT50 (7.31 d). Therefore, isolate BTmTr incubated under temperature 25 °C was the most effective on killing S. litura larvae. However, isolate of BMkMs incubated under 34 °C was still caused the highest percentage of larval mortality (18.67%) and the shortest LT50 (16.20 d). Therefore, the BMkMs isolate can be developed into bio-insecticide active ingredients for controlling S. litura in tropical ecosystem.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/468/1/012010/pdf

Suparman

Papers

Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate of lowland and highland soil of South Sumatra (Indonesia) against Spodoptera litura larvae

Analysis and Design of PBL-Based Mathematics Students Worksheet to Improve Critical Thinking Skills

Effect of Application of UV Irradiated Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on Larval Weight and Mortality of Spodoptera litura

A Bibliometric Analysis of Technology-Based Foreign Language Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Direction for Indonesia Language Learning

Insecticidal activity of filtrate of Beauveria bassiana cultures incubated under the temperatures of 25°C and 34 °C against larvae Spodoptera litura