Showing papers by "Susan H. Backhouse published in 2020"

Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of anAthlete-Informed Mental Skills Training Program for EliteYouth Tennis Players

Abstract: Informed by athletes’ psychological needs, the current qualitative study developed, implemented, and evaluated a 15-month mental skills training (MST) program for elite youth athletes. The MST was ...

A Multistudy Cross-Sectional and Experimental Examination Into the Interactive Effects of Moral Identity and Moral Disengagement on Doping

Abstract: Moral identity and moral disengagement have been linked with doping likelihood. However, experiments testing the temporal direction of these relationships are absent. The authors conducted one cross-sectional and two experimental studies investigating the conjunctive effects of moral identity and moral disengagement on doping likelihood (or intention). Dispositional moral identity was inversely (marginally), and doping moral disengagement, positively, associated with doping intention (Study 1). Manipulating situations to amplify opportunities for moral disengagement increased doping likelihood via anticipated guilt (Study 2). Moreover, dispositional moral identity (Study 2) and inducing moral identity (Study 3) were linked with lower doping likelihood and attenuated the relationship between doping moral disengagement and doping likelihood. However, the suppressing effect of moral identity on doping likelihood was overridden when opportunities for moral disengagement were amplified. These findings support multifaceted antidoping efforts, which include simultaneously enhancing athlete moral identity and personal responsibility alongside reducing social opportunities for moral disengagement.

Testing the validity and reliability of the doping willingness in sport scale

Abstract: Although research investigating doping in sport is burgeoning, there is still a lack of proxy measures of doping behaviour that have undergone extensive psychometric testing. To address this issue, we modified a previously used measure of doping willingness in sport and tested aspects of validity and reliability across four studies. In Study 1, we provided support for the face and content validity of the items, and then found support for the factor structure of the scale in a sample of athletes (N = 205) using confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 2, we collected data from an independent sample of athletes (N = 236) to provide further evidence for the factor structure of the scale using confirmatory factor analysis as well as provided evidence for concurrent and discriminant validity. In Study 3, a further independent sample of athletes (N = 144) completed the scale and provided support for discriminant and predictive validity of the scale. In Study 4, we collected data from a further independent sample (N = 74) to provide support for the test-retest reliability, and stability of items. Lastly, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the samples across Studies 3 and 4, and the composite sample across all four studies which provided further support for the factor structure of the final 8-item scale. Taken together, these findings provide psychometric support for the scale to be used to measure the willingness of athletes to use banned substances to help facilitate future research investigating doping in sport.

Diagnosing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: over or under-detection?

Abstract: 3. Dahlin JS, Malinovschi A, Ohrvik H, et al. Lin‐ CD34hi CD117int/hi FcepsilonRI+ cells in human blood constitute a rare population of mast cell progenitors. Blood. 2016;127(4):383‐391. 4. Abonia JP, Hallgren J, Jones T, et al. Alpha‐4 integrins and VCAM‐1, but not MAdCAM‐1, are essential for recruitment of mast cell pro‐ genitors to the inflamed lung. Blood. 2006;108(5):1588‐1594. 5. Hoffmann HJ, Frandsen PM, Christensen LH, Schiotz PO, Dahl R. Cultured human mast cells are heterogeneous for expression of the high‐affinity IgE receptor FcepsilonRI. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012;157(3):246‐250. 6. Andersson CK, Mori M, Bjermer L, Lofdahl CG, Erjefalt JS. Novel site‐specific mast cell subpopulations in the human lung. Thorax. 2009;64(4):297‐305. 7. Dahlin JS, Heyman B, Hallgren J. Committed mast cell progenitors in mouse blood differ in maturity between Th1 and Th2 strains. Allergy. 2013;68(10):1333‐1337. 8. Wang J‐X, Kaieda S, Ameri S, et al. IL‐33/ST2 axis promotes mast cell survival via BCLXL. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(28):10281‐10286. 9. Dahlin JS, Ekoff M, Grootens J, et al. KIT signaling is dispens‐ able for human mast cell progenitor development. Blood. 2017;130(16):1785‐1794.

Changing player behaviour in sport during the COVID-19 pandemic: Shake on it?

Abstract: To prevent the spread of infection during matches and training activities is a major challenge facing all sports returning from the enforced COVID-19 shutdown. During training and matches, rugby league players make contact with others which can result in SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission. While these interactions characterise the appeal of the game, a number of them can be avoided, including shaking hands and conversing after the match. This paper presents a framework underpinned by behavioural science (capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour model, COM-B) to support stakeholders in helping players adopt new social distance norms and behaviours. This framework helps to ensure the players have the capability, opportunity, and motivation to adopt new COVID-19 risk minimising behaviours, which they will need to commit to 100%.