Loneliness has been commonly reported in high-income countries, while less is known about loneliness in Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states, in particular in Indonesia. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of loneliness, its correlates and associations with health variables in a national survey in the general population in Indonesia. In the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) in 2014–2015, 31,447 participants 15 years and older (median age 35.0 years, interquartile range = 22.0) were interviewed and examined in a national population-based cross-sectional study. The self-reported prevalence of loneliness, blood pressure, body height and weight, physical and mental health, health behaviour and psychosocial variables were measured. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to estimate determinants of loneliness and logistic and linear regression analyses were applied to estimate the associations of loneliness with physical, mental and health risk behaviour variables. The self-reported prevalence of loneliness (occasionally or all of the time or 3–7 days per week) was 10.6% (11.0% for females and 10.1% for males), and 8.0% reported sometimes (1–2 days/week) to be lonely. Loneliness was distributed in a slight U-shaped form, with adolescents and the oldest old having the highest prevalence of loneliness. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, lower education, lower economic status, adverse childhood experiences, having one or more chronic conditions, functional disability and low neighbourhood trust were associated with loneliness. Loneliness was significantly associated with most health variables, including self-reported unhealthy health status (AOR 1.70, CI 1.57, 1.84), cognitive functioning (Beta: − 0.72, CI − 0.90 to − 0.54), having one or more chronic medical conditions (AOR 1.25, CI 1.16, 1.35), having had a stroke (AOR 1.58, CI 1.08, 2.29), depression symptoms (Beta: 5.19, CI 4.98–5.39), sleep disturbance (Beta: 0.34, CI 0.31–0.37), sleep related impairment (Beta: 0.69, CI 0.64–0.73), low life satisfaction (AOR 1.78, CI 1.64, 1.93), out-patient health care utilization in the past 4 weeks (AOR 1.11, CI 1.01, 1.21), current tobacco use (AOR 1.42, CI 1.28, 1.58), and one or more days in the past week soft drink consumption (AOR 1.20, CI 1.10, 1.31). Loneliness was found to be prevalent across the life span and was associated with a number of poorer health variables. Several factors associated with loneliness were identified, which warrant further research in Indonesia.

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Loneliness correlates and associations with health variables in the general population in Indonesia.

Since the implementation of online learning in various countries in the world, all educational institutions have made new learning adjustments. Universities are educational institutions that have also changed the online learning system. but online learning has an impact on academic ethical behavior. 
Purpose. the aims of this study is to determine the behavior of academic dishonesty when online learning is applied, besides that it also examines the strategies of nursing students majoring in academic dishonesty.
Materials and methods. 150 college students participated in filling out an online academic dishonesty questionnaire and we randomly selected 5 nursing students to participate in a focus group discussion to discuss their dishonest behavior during online learning.
Results. Our research shows that academic dishonesty behavior in the form of collaboration is common in online learning. In the process, student learning has strategies for committing academic fraud in various ways, including by downloading a friend’s answer file in the online system by logging in using a standard username and password that is not changed by students. In addition, the student chose to behave dishonestly by imitating his friend’s work by simply changing the name rather than trying to answer the question. and take advantage of the whatsapp group application to collaborate in cheating.
Conclusions. Collaboration in academic dishonesty predominates: one way is by collaborating in online groups to cooperate with each other illegally. We describe several other forms in detail and discuss them.

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“There are Always Ways to Cheat” Academic Dishonesty Strategies During Online Learning

A series of terrorist acts involving women in various parts of the world, including in Indonesia, allegedly perpetrated by radical Muslim groups, has reinforced stereotypes and created prejudice against veiled Muslim women. This study aims to explain the role of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and intergroup anxiety as antecedents of prejudice against veiled Muslim women. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the study sample (N = 403) were residents of Surabaya, selected using accidental sampling. RWA, intergroup anxiety, and prejudice against veiled Muslim women were measured using a questionnaire, while the research hypothesis was analyzed using multiple regression. The results show that RWA and intergroup anxiety play significant roles in explaining prejudice against veiled Muslim women (R = 0.826; R 2 = 0.682; F = 428.68; p <0.001), with the relative contribution of RWA and intergroup anxiety being 34% and 66% respectively. The results and implications of the study are discussed in detail. The theoretical implication of the research is that RWA and intergroup anxiety play roles as antecedents of prejudice against veiled Muslim women.

/pdf/prejudice-against-veiled-muslim-women-the-role-of-right-wing-3l4c5z8ub6.pdf

Prejudice against veiled Muslim women: The role of right-wing authoritarianism and intergroup anxiety

Depressive symptoms associated with loneliness and physical activities among graduate university students in Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional pilot study.

This study examines the role of religious knowledge and activity in dealing with academic dishonesty. Furthermore, we investigate whether the locus of control and personality strengthen the relatio...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311975.2021.1875541

The positive role of religiosity in dealing with academic dishonesty

The present study aimed to investigate academic dishonesty among college students in Indonesia, as well as exploring various aspects of morality (i.e., moral integrity, moral disengagement, and moral foundations) that may affect academic dishonesty. This study drew upon data obtained from an online survey of 574 students from diploma, undergraduate, and postgraduate levels of study in Indonesia (Male = 175, Female = 399). The data revealed a high prevalence of academic dishonesty in Indonesian college students and indicated that the level of academic dishonesty is affected by gender, college origin, and study level. Regressions confirmed that higher academic dishonesty is associated with lower moral integrity and higher level of moral disengagement, as expected, but not with moral foundations. We also present detailed examinations on the three forms of academic dishonesty (i.e., cheating, unauthorized collaboration, and plagiarism) and discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

Academic Dishonesty in Indonesian College Students: an Investigation from a Moral Psychology Perspective

This research aimed to examine the role of social skills in depression among college students through the mediation of loneliness.  As many as 645 college students in Yogyakarta (Male = 180, Female = 465) participated in this study. Social skills were measured using the Social Skills Scale, depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and loneliness was measured using UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3, which were adapted into Bahasa Indonesia. Regression analysis with a simple mediation model showed that, as expected, social skills negatively contributed to depression with the mediation of loneliness. This means that lower social skills were associated with higher loneliness and in turn contributed to an increasing tendency towards depression among college students. Additional analysis found that levels of social skills, loneliness, and depression differed among college students in different years, with students in the fifth years and after being lower on social skills and higher on loneliness and depression. Furthermore, it was shown that 51% of respondents were indicating depression symptoms which levels varied from mild to severe.

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jpsi/article/download/36324/21776

Depression Tendencies, Social Skills, and Loneliness among College Students in Yogyakarta

. Prosocial behaviour is a very important component in harmonious social relationships, especially within a diverse community such as Indonesia. Public and religion-based schools provide different opportunities for students in terms of interaction with peers from different religions, and in turn may affect attitudes toward ingroup and outgroup religious members. This study compared prosocial intentions towards religion-based ingroup and outgroup peer members in adolescents from heterogeneous (public) schools and homogenous (Islamic) schools. Participants were 220 Muslim middle school students aged 11-15 years, who attended public schools (N= 130; M=48, F=82) and religious schools (N= 90; M=46, F=44). They were recruited through snowball sampling and convenience sampling. This research is a quasi-experimental study, by using the Scenario-based Prosocial Intention Questionnaire (SBPIQ) to measure prosocial intentions, which was modified to include manipulations on the targets of prosocial intention. Two-way mixed ANOVA results showed that the level of prosocial intention was highest toward the ingroup target (M=3,411; SD=0,392), followed by those toward the outgroup (M=3,357; SD=0,403) and neutral targets (M=3,234; SD=0,411). Furthermore, prosocial intentions towards ingroup, outgroup, and neutral targets were all higher in students from public schools. These results implied that there were biases in students’ prosocial behaviors toward ingroup/outgroup religious members. It is crucial for both public and Islamic schools to facilitate positive interactions with members of other religious group in order to overcome these biases.

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Prosocial intentions towards religious ingroup and outgroup members among adolescents from public and religious schools

Through an online experiment, this study examines the role of intergroup threat on intergroup anxiety in Indonesian Chinese ethnic group, by considering the moderating role of positive intergroup contact. The posttest-only randomized experimental design was used in this study. Sixtyfour Chinese Indonesian college students (male = 31, female = 33) were randomly assigned into treatment group (male = 14, female = 18) and control group (male = 17, female= 15). All participants were first asked to complete a positive intergroup contact scale. Following this, participants in the treatment group were asked to read threat-inducing reading passages, while those in the control group were given neutral reading passages. They then were asked to complete a manipulation check and intergroup anxiety scale. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results showed that when positive intergroup contact was controlled, intergroup threat significantly affected intergroup anxiety but in the direction opposing the hypothesis. Instead of showing higher intergroup anxiety, the experimental group showed lower intergroup anxiety compared to the control group. An interview on a few participants was conducted to explore possible explanations of this result.

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Do Intergroup Threats Provoke Intergroup Anxiety? An Experimental Study on Chinese Ethnic Group in Indonesia

This research aimed to construct and examine the psychometric properties of the Scenario-Based Prosocial Intention Questionnaire (SBPIQ), a scenario-based questionnaire to tap prosocial intentions in children and adolescents. We examined the 40 items of SBPIQ representing four dimensions of prosocial behaviors (helping, sharing, comforting, and cooperating). The items were proportionally attached to 10 scenarios of prosocial behaviors commonly found in children and adolescents daily life. Data collection involved 2615 participants who were females (56,67%) and males (43,33%), aged 7-18 YO (7-9 YO, 16,21%; 10-12 YO, 19,81%; 13-15 YO, 35,07%; 16-18 YO, 28,91%), and resided in rural (41,03%) and urban (58,97%) areas. Psychometric properties were identified from construct validity (through Exploratory Factor Analysis & Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and internal consistency (through Stratified Alpha testing). Results showed that the final version of SBPIQ with 24 items exhibited acceptable construct validity and reliability. Furthermore, factor analyses confirmed the multidimentionality of prosocial behavior. Four distinct factors were found to form the construct of prosocial behaviors, and one second-order factor was also found to bind these 4 factors. Other findings and important notes are discussed within this article.

Sutarimah Ampuni

Papers

Academic Dishonesty in Indonesian College Students: an Investigation from a Moral Psychology Perspective

Depression Tendencies, Social Skills, and Loneliness among College Students in Yogyakarta

Prosocial intentions towards religious ingroup and outgroup members among adolescents from public and religious schools

Do Intergroup Threats Provoke Intergroup Anxiety? An Experimental Study on Chinese Ethnic Group in Indonesia

Pengembangan dan identifikasi properti psikometris kuesioner intensi prososial berbasis skenario untuk anak dan remaja