Showing papers by "Syed Ibrahim Rizvi published in 2015"

Meta-analysis of colloids versus crystalloids in critically ill, trauma and surgical patients

Abstract: Background There is uncertainty regarding the safety of different volume replacement solutions. The aim of this study was systematically to review evidence of crystalloid versus colloid solutions, and to determine whether these results are influenced by trial design or clinical setting. Methods PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were used to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared crystalloids with colloids as volume replacement solutions in patients with traumatic injuries, those undergoing surgery and in critically ill patients. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for mortality and major morbidity including renal injury were pooled using fixed-effect and random-effects models. Results Some 59 RCTs involving 16 889 patients were included in the analysis. Forty-one studies (69 per cent) were found to have selection, detection or performance bias. Colloid administration did not lead to increased mortality (32 trials, 16 647 patients; OR 0·99, 95 per cent c.i. 0·92 to 1·06), but did increase the risk of developing acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy (9 trials, 11 648 patients; OR 1·35, 1·17 to 1·57). Sensitivity analyses that excluded small and low-quality studies did not substantially alter these results. Subgroup analyses by type of colloid showed that increased mortality and renal replacement therapy were associated with use of pentastarch, and increased risk of renal injury and renal replacement therapy with use of tetrastarch. Subgroup analysis indicated that the risks of mortality and renal injury attributable to colloids were observed only in critically ill patients with sepsis. Conclusion Current general restrictions on the use of colloid solutions are not supported by evidence.

A Novel Approach for Overcoming Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer Chemotherapy by Targeting new Synthetic Curcumin Analogues Against Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 β (GSK-3β)

Abstract: Breast cancer stem cells are well known to resist the traditional methods like chemo and radio therapy. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDHIA1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β) are the two selected proteins for study, due to their overexpression and upregulation in breast cancer cells. Curcumin, the yellow pigment of the spice turmeric, is widely reported as an antioxidant and acts as a synergist along with traditional drugs. Under hypoxic conditions, it gets converted to free radical which causes apoptosis. Three naturally occurring curcuminoids, i.e. curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin along with five derivatives/analogues of curcumin, viz. 4,4'-di-O-(carboxy-methyl)-curcumin, 4-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)curcumin, 4,4'-di-O-allyl-curcumin, 4,4'-di-O-(acetyl)-curcumin, and 3,3'-bisdemethylcurcumin were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-breast cancer potential by docking simulation and assessment of their antioxidant character, studied via 2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(·+)) radical cation scavenging assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) radical, and ferric reducing ability potential (FRAP) assay. A co-relation between structure and activity of curcuminoids/its analogues and derivatives has been worked out.

Antidiabetic potential of some less commonly used plants in traditional medicinal systems of India and Nigeria

Abstract: The incidence of diabetes mellitus continue to rise annually all over the world with India and Nigeria having recorded cases of 65.1 and 3.9 million respectively in 2013 and expected to increase by a large amount in 2035. Hyperglycemia is a pre-condition for the development of diabetic complications and is accompanied by an increase in the production of free radicals. The present available treatment option for diabetes like sulfonylurea, metformin and alpha-glucosidase are restricted by their limited actions, secondary failure rates, and side-effects; and unaffordable to the majority of the population. Hence, the need to screen for more medicinal plants with antidiabetic ability due to the fact that plants are; biodegradable, safe and cheap with fewer side-effects. In this review article, we have presented the current status of diabetes in India and Nigeria and the role of some less commonly used medicinal plants from both countries that have antidiabetic potential.

Black tea extract improves anti-oxidant profile in experimental diabetic rats.

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo anti-oxidant effect of black tea extract (BTE) supplemented to normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Black tea extract (BTE) was fed to control and experimental diabetic rats by gavage technique at a dose of 1 ml/100 g body weight/day. Markers of oxidative stress in blood were determined. Result: Results show a significant (P < 0.01) decrease (73%) in plasma anti-oxidant potential, increase in activity of plasma membrane redox system (122%), protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats, BTE supplemented diabetic rats had improved anti-oxidant profile and lower protein and lipid peroxidation levels. Diabetic rats displayed lower intracellular glutathione (GSH), BTE supplementation improved GSH levels. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the 2.5% aqueous extract of black tea is effective to ameliorate diabetes associated oxidative stress parameters in experimental model of diabetes.

Anti Oxidative Effect of Black Tea Theaflavin on Erythrocytes Subjected to Oxidative Stress

Abstract: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popularly consumed beverage worldwide. It is consumed mostly as green tea, oolong, or black tea. Black tea, good source of flavan-3-ols the theaflavins: mixture of theaflavin (TF), theaflavin-3-gallates, theaflavin-3′-gallates and theaflavin-3,3′-digallates, possess numerous biological and therapeutic properties. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these properties of TFs remain speculative. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro protective effect of theaflavin on membrane protein carbonyl group, sulfhydryl group (–SH) and erythrocyte hemolysis in rat. TFs (at micromolar concentration) showed significant antioxidant effect in protecting erythrocytes from oxidation-induced changes.

Modulation Effects of Curcumin on Erythrocyte Ion-Transporter Activity

Abstract: Curcumin ((1E,6E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), the yellow biphenolic pigment isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has various medicinal benefits through antioxidation, anti-inflammation, cardiovascular protection, immunomodulation, enhancing of the apoptotic process, and antiangiogenic property. We explored the effects of curcumin in vitro (10−5 M to 10−8 M) and in vivo (340 and 170 mg/kg b.w., oral) on Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA), Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) activity, and membrane lipid hydroperoxides (ROOH) in control and experimental oxidative stress erythrocytes of Wistar rats. As a result, we found that curcumin potently modulated the membrane transporters activity with protecting membrane lipids against hydro-peroxidation in control as well as oxidatively challenged erythrocytes evidenced by stimulation of NKA, downregulation of NHE, and reduction of ROOH in the membrane. The observed results corroborate membrane transporters activity with susceptibility of erythrocyte membrane towards oxidative damage. Results explain the protective mechanism of curcumin against oxidative stress mediated impairment in ions-transporters activity and health beneficial effects.

Redox Biology of Aging: Focus on Novel Biomarkers

Abstract: Oxidative stress-mediated damage to functional macromolecules followed by their accumulation has been reported as a major factor behind aging and related consequences. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and/or depleted cellular defense impairs the balance between prooxidants and antioxidants causing shift in cellular redox state which leads to physiological dysfunctions making the body prone to external deleterious agents. In the present chapter, we have discussed the aging process and have focused on novel markers of oxidative damage that reflect the cellular redox status relevant to age-related studies incorporating the previously well-established markers of the aging process.

Overview of Novel Herbal Supplements in Diabetes

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease of metabolic dysregulation, primarily of carbohydrate metabolism, characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in impaired insulin action, insulin secretion, or both. Uncontrolled diabetes may lead to long-term and life-threatening complications like coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, morbidity, and/or mortality (Brownlee 2001; Hammes et al. 2011; Wilmot and Idris 2014). A global increase in the prevalence of DM has been reported in last few decades. As per International Diabetes Federation, the number of individuals with diabetes in 2011 has reached an astounding figure of 366 million, causing 4.6 million deaths each year (Dong et al. 2012). This figure is expected to climb up to 592 million by the year 2035 (IDF Diabetes Atlas 2013). Although DM is a growing health concern in both developed and developing countries since enormous financial burden is associated with it. It has been estimated that there will be approximately 70% increase in DM in developing countries and 20% increase in developed countries by 2030 in which India’s diabetic population is expected to reach more than 100 million with the age of onset getting reduced to a range of 40–59 years (IDF Diabetes Atlas 2013; Wang et al. 2013). India and CONTENTS

Protective effects of bioconjugates of curcumin with nicotinic and picolinic acids on markers of oxidative stress in human erythrocytes

Abstract: Poor bioavailability and instability beyond the natural pH limit the use of curcumin as a promising drug despite its diverse health promoting effects. With a view to address these issues, the bioconjugates of curcumin with nicotinic acid (di-O-nicotinoyl curcumin) and picolinic acid (di-O-picolinoyl curcumin) were synthesized and their effect on markers of oxidative stress were studied. Results demonstrate that both the bioconjugates elicited higher prevention against oxidative injury induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in human erythrocytes in comparison to pure curcumin as evidenced by inhibition of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01), prevention of hemolysis (p < 0.001), restoration of glutathione (p < 0.005), and -SH groups (p < 0.005) depletion. The study concludes that conjugated curcumin derivatives may be a potential approach to design compounds with improved biological effects and thus enhanced efficacy.