Balsamodendron mukul (Guggul): The Oleo-gum-resin exuded by this tree has been regarded as a sovereign remedy in ancient medicine. It is a bitter stomachic and carminative and improves digestion. It is quickly absorbed and is excreted by skin, mucous membranes and kidneys and in the course of excretion it disinfects their secretions improves the function and stimulates the activity of the respective organs. It has marked antiseptic properties.

Composition 构好图，出好片

Cannabis sativa: A comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a medicinal plant with a long history.

Selenium nanoparticles: A potent chemotherapeutic agent and an elucidation of its mechanism B Biointerfaces

Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives.

Terpenes, also known as terpenoids are the largest and most diverse group of naturally occurring compounds. Based on the number of isoprene units they have, they are classified as mono, di, tri, tetra, and sesquiterpenes. They are mostly found in plants and form the major constituent of essential oils from plants. Among the natural products that provide medical benefits for an organism, terpenes play a major and variety of roles. The common plant sources of terpenes are tea, thyme, cannabis, Spanish sage, and citrus fruits (e.g., lemon, orange, mandarin). Terpenes have a wide range of medicinal uses among which antiplasmodial activity is notable as its mechanism of action is similar to the popular antimalarial drug in use—chloroquine. Monoterpenes specifically are widely studied for their antiviral property. With growing incidents of cancer and diabetes in modern world, terpenes also have the potential to serve as anticancer and antidiabetic reagents. Along with these properties, terpenes also allow for flexibility in route of administration and suppression of side effects. Certain terpenes were widely used in natural folk medicine. One such terpene is curcumin which holds anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, antiplasmodial, astringent, digestive, diuretic, and many other properties. Curcumin has also become a recent trend in healthy foods and open doors for several medical researches. This chapter summarizes the various terpenes, their sources, medicinal properties, mechanism of action, and the recent studies that are underway for designing terpenes as a lead molecule in the modern medicine.

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Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of Terpenes

During the COVID-19 pandemic, professionals in the medical field have been using bag resuscitators, also called bag valve masks, to provide respiratory support for patients for long periods. A relevant issue arising because of such use is the little information regarding the FiO2 delivered by these devices, leading to toxic effects of O2 and its waste. This paper presents a model that relates volume, respiratory frequency, and flow in an O2 line with the FiO2 delivered by bag resuscitators. The model was obtained based on a formal procedure and data from a 1500 ml Hsiner bag resuscitator collected in the literature, both presented in this paper. Then, we compared through Bland-Altman analysis the FiO2 values estimated by our model with the ones from data considering different bag resuscitators to evaluate the amplitude of the errors it can generate. The average error for Hsiner and Laerdal bag resuscitators was less than 0.035 (or 3.5%) and less than 0.063 (or 6.3%) for Ambu devices. The maximum error found for Ambu bag resuscitators was high. The obtained model presented satisfactory errors, compatible with the uncertainty levels associated with FiO2 measuring instruments and blenders, meaning the model can be used to estimate the delivered FiO2 accurately. Additionally, the procedure presented in this paper can be used to obtain specific models for bag resuscitators of other companies, equipping professionals with tools that can accurately estimate FiO2.

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Modeling of FiO2 delivered by self-inflating ventilation device

In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the main mechanisms of pharmacological action of essential oils and their components in various biological systems. A brief introduction on essential oil chemistry is presented to better understand the relationship of chemical aspects with the bioactivity of these products. Next, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities are discussed. The mechanisms of action against various types of viruses are also addressed. The data show that the multiplicity of pharmacological properties of essential oils occurs due to the chemical diversity in their composition and their ability to interfere with biological processes at cellular and multicellular levels via interaction with various biological targets. Therefore, these natural products can be a promising source for the development of new drugs.

Tamires Cardoso Lima

Papers

Modeling of FiO2 delivered by self-inflating ventilation device

Essential Oils: Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities