A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues

The paradigm of Internet of Things (IoT) is paving the way for a world, where many of our daily objects will be interconnected and will interact with their environment in order to collect information and automate certain tasks. Such a vision requires, among other things, seamless authentication, data privacy, security, robustness against attacks, easy deployment, and self-maintenance. Such features can be brought by blockchain, a technology born with a cryptocurrency called Bitcoin. In this paper, a thorough review on how to adapt blockchain to the specific needs of IoT in order to develop Blockchain-based IoT (BIoT) applications is presented. After describing the basics of blockchain, the most relevant BIoT applications are described with the objective of emphasizing how blockchain can impact traditional cloud-centered IoT applications. Then, the current challenges and possible optimizations are detailed regarding many aspects that affect the design, development, and deployment of a BIoT application. Finally, some recommendations are enumerated with the aim of guiding future BIoT researchers and developers on some of the issues that will have to be tackled before deploying the next generation of BIoT applications.

A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things

Harvard Business Review : 抄録雑誌の概要

Blockchain Technology in Healthcare: A Systematic Review.

Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the definition of Lean Production and the methods and goals associated with the concept as well as how it differs from other popular management concepts. Methodology/Approach - The paper is based on a review of the contemporary literature on Lean Production, both journal articles and books. Findings - It is shown in the paper that there is no consensus on a definition of Lean Production between the examined authors. The authors also seem to have different opinions on which characteristics that should be associated with the concept. Overall it can be concluded that Lean Production is not clearly defined in the reviewed literature. This divergence can cause some confusion on a theoretical level, but is probably more problematic on a practical level when organizations aim to implement the concept. This paper argues that it is important for an organization to acknowledge the different variations, and to raise the awareness of the input in the implementation process. It is further argued that the organization should not accept any random variant of Lean, but make active choices and adapt the concept to suit the organization-s needs. Through this process of adaptation, the organization will be able to increase the odds of performing a predictable and successful implementation. Originality/Value - This paper provides a critical perspective on the discourse surrounding Lean Production, and gives an input to the discussion of the implementation of management models. Keywords - Lean Production, Definition, Construct Validity, Total Quality Management Paper type - Conceptual paper

https://www.ep.liu.se/ecp/033/025/ecp0803325.pdf

Defining Lean Production : Some conceptual and practical issues

Digital world has produced efficiencies, new innovative products, and close customer relationships globally by the effective use of mobile, IoT (Internet of Things), social media, analytics and cloud technology to generate models for better decisions. Blockchain is recently introduced and revolutionizing the digital world bringing a new perspective to security, resiliency and efficiency of systems. While initially popularized by Bitcoin, Blockchain is much more than a foundation for crypto currency. It offers a secure way to exchange any kind of good, service, or transaction. Industrial growth increasingly depends on trusted partnerships; but increasing regulation, cybercrime and fraud are inhibiting expansion. To address these challenges, Blockchain will enable more agile value chains, faster product innovations, closer customer relationships, and quicker integration with the IoT and cloud technology. Further Blockchain provides a lower cost of trade with a trusted contract monitored without intervention from third parties who may not add direct value. It facilitates smart contracts, engagements, and agreements with inherent, robust cyber security features. This paper is an effort to break the ground for presenting and demonstrating the use of Blockchain technology in multiple industrial applications. A healthcare industry application, Healthchain, is formalized and developed on the foundation of Blockchain using IBM Blockchain initiative. The concepts are transferable to a wide range of industries as finance, government and manufacturing where security, scalability and efficiency must meet.

Blockchain technology innovations

Employing systems engineering (SE) methodology and principles to the development of smart products has the potential of establishing a novel field of research. This paper summarises previous work in this area in order to define and characterise a revolutionary SE and social-networking framework for collaborative education, design and modelling of the next generation of smarter products. A conceptual framework and practical applications of SE approaches and social networking to support smarter product development is proposed. Future challenges that collaborative SE and interactive social networking techniques are likely to face in this domain are also discussed.

Collaborative systems engineering and social-networking approach to design and modelling of smarter products

The field of Human Factors in Knowledge Management is often seen as a problem of capturing, organizing, and retrieving information to build knowledge. This process is inextricably bound up with human cognition and, as such, the management of knowledge occurs within an intricately structured behavioral, cultural, and social context. This paper emphasizes the importance of interactive human factors in knowledge management and introduces a model-based human systems integration framework based on systems modeling language (SysML).

Interactive Management of Human Factors Knowledge for Human Systems Integration Using Systems Modeling Language

Digital transformation is affecting industries across global markets. Market segments, including industrial manufacturing, healthcare, financial services, food services, and automotive, are increasingly adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT), robotic process automation (RPA), and blockchain technologies. The convergence of these technologies holds the promise of creating smarter, safer, efficient, and more secure systems. IoT devices integrated with RPA allow secure robust communication among sensors, actuators, and power sources. AI is being deployed on wide ranging systems from quantum computers to edge devices. These systems are becoming more responsive in thinking, perceiving, and acting within time performance constraints. Designers are becoming increasingly confident in applying multiple technology advancements to solve volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous challenges. However, as these technology architectures become more integrated, we are concerned with security and privacy risks. If all the data are on a centralized system, a single platform, or a nondistributed application, targeting the single point of failure, compromises the entire system. Can we use AI to empower IoT for accurate data acquisition and analysis real-time model development and prediction, while utilizing a blockchain foundation to reduce risks, support risk mitigation strategies, and enhance integrity and security? Kitchen appliances serve as an example where integration of AI and IoT architectures with blockchain technologies can enable user satisfaction. A refrigerator equipped with IoTsensors enables inventory monitoring, while blockchain assures data integrity from devices to trusted decentralized systems. The IoT allows capturing real-time stream of sensor data, while blockchain ensures providence with a chain of custody of a smart contract in a distributed ledger with AI providing descriptive, predicted, and prescriptive Jeff Daniels University of Maryland University College

Tareq Z. Ahram

Papers

Blockchain technology innovations

Collaborative systems engineering and social-networking approach to design and modelling of smarter products

Interactive Management of Human Factors Knowledge for Human Systems Integration Using Systems Modeling Language

The Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Professionalism

Customer‐Centered Design of Service Organizations