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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

This paper presents a low power boost converter for thermoelectric energy harvesting that demonstrates an efficiency that is 15% higher than the state-of-the-art for voltage conversion ratios above 20. This is achieved by utilizing a technique allowing synchronous rectification in the discontinuous conduction mode. A low-power method for input voltage monitoring is presented. The low input voltage requirements allow operation from a thermoelectric generator powered by body heat. The converter, fabricated in a 0.13 μm CMOS process, operates from input voltages ranging from 20 mV to 250 mV while supplying a regulated 1 V output. The converter consumes 1.6 (1.1) μW of quiescent power, delivers up to 25 (175) μW of output power, and is 46 (75)% efficient for a 20 mV and 100 mV input, respectively.

A 20 mV Input Boost Converter With Efficient Digital Control for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

In the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system, various service requirements of different communication environments are expected to be satisfied. As a new evolution network structure, heterogeneous network (HetNet) has been studied in recent years. Compared with homogeneous networks, HetNets can increase the opportunity in the spatial resource reuse and improve users’ quality of service by developing small cells into the coverage of macrocells. Since there is mutual interference among different users and the limited spectrum resource in HetNets, however, efficient resource allocation (RA) algorithms are vitally important to reduce the mutual interference and achieve spectrum sharing. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey on RA in HetNets for 5G communications. Specifically, we first introduce the definition and different network scenarios of HetNets. Second, RA models are discussed. Then, we present a classification to analyze current RA algorithms for the existing works. Finally, some challenging issues and future research trends are discussed. Accordingly, we provide two potential structures for 6G communications to solve the RA problems of the next-generation HetNets, such as a learning-based RA structure and a control-based RA structure. The goal of this article is to provide important information on HetNets, which could be used to guide the development of more efficient techniques in this research area.

/pdf/a-survey-on-resource-allocation-for-5g-heterogeneous-4gmdtz8zbn.pdf

A Survey on Resource Allocation for 5G Heterogeneous Networks: Current Research, Future Trends, and Challenges

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02395411/document

Agri-food 4.0: A survey of the supply chains and technologies for the future agriculture

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Design Of Integrated Circuits For Optical Communications

Optical packet switching (OPS) is a promising technology to enable next-generation high-speed IP networks. A major issue in OPS is packet contention that occurs when two or more packets attempt to access the same output fiber. In such a case, packets may be dropped, leading to degraded overall switching performance. Several contention resolution techniques have been investigated in the literature including the use of fiber delay lines (FDLs), wavelength converters (WCs), and deflection routing. These solution typically induce extra complexity to the switch design. Accordingly, a key design objective for OPS is to reduce packet loss without increasing switching complexity and delay. In this paper, we investigate the performance of contention resolution in asynchronous OPS architectures with shared FDLs and WCs in terms of packet loss and average switching delay. In particular, an enhanced FDL-based and a novel Hybrid architecture with shared FLDs and WCs are proposed, and their packet scheduling algorithms are presented and evaluated. Extensive simulation studies show that the performance of proposed FDL-based architecture outperforms typical OPS architectures reported in the literature. In addition, it shown that, for the same packet loss ratio, the proposed hybrid architecture can achieve up to 30% reduction in the total number of ports and around 80% reduction in the overall length of fiber as compared to the FDL-based architectures.

On the design of asynchronous optical packet switch architectures with shared delay lines and converters

In this paper, we design and implement the Clock and Data-Recovery (CDR) with Serializer/Deserializer (SerDes) on Spartan SP605 supports a data-rate up-to 3.2 Gbps with locking time less-than 5×10−7 s, and bit-error rate less-than 10−10.

Design and implementation of CDR and SerDes for high speed optical communication networks using FPGA

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based on free-space optical (FSO) systems combine the benefits of both the high data rate of the FSO and the mobility of UAV. However, cumulative effects of laser beam divergence and turbulence-induced fading on the received irradiance in the FSO link might allow an external eavesdropper located near the authorized receiver to break the transmission under certain conditions. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique of secure communication that employs quantum mechanics-based cryptography principles. A combination of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) and Gaussian modulation of quantum coherent states (GMCS) enables a relatively secure communication system against collective attacks over FSO transmission links. However, the performance is restricted and degraded due to the influence of atmospheric turbulence and excess noise. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of a secured UAV-based FSO system utilizing prepare and measure CV-QKD protocol based on GMCS under collective attack in terms of quantum bit error rate (QBER), outage probability, and secret key rate (SKR) considering the impairments of the FSO channel, link budget, deviations in the position and attitude angles of the UAV, channel fluctuating transmittance, and excess noise. The system parameters, including transmit power, receiver’s field-of-view, and beam divergence angle, are optimized to satisfy the system’s design criteria of threshold-QBER $=10^{-3}$ and threshold outage probability $=10^{-2}$. The proposed system tolerates boresight displacement up to 7 cm with the optimized values. The Closed-form expressions and analytical results are confirmed by Monte-Carlo simulations.

Performance Evaluation and Security Analysis of UAV-Based FSO/CV-QKD System Employing DP-QPSK/CD

Tracking Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is a significant surge in commercial or recreational use. The proposed tracking system is involved in determining the position and attitude angles of the UAVs in real-time. Data fusion of multiple sensors is one of the technologies used most in recent years and is based on real-time estimation of UAV’s both position and attitude angles with high precision. In order to accomplish this objective, sensor fusion of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, and a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) sensors are implemented in this paper to decrease the uncertainty in position and attitude angles and establish the drone’s location more precisely.

UAV Tracking System Using Integrated Sensor Fusion with RTK-GPS

/pdf/a-review-on-the-relevant-applications-of-machine-learning-in-1rkkd3avsy.pdf

Tawfik Ismail

Papers

On the design of asynchronous optical packet switch architectures with shared delay lines and converters

Design and implementation of CDR and SerDes for high speed optical communication networks using FPGA

Performance Evaluation and Security Analysis of UAV-Based FSO/CV-QKD System Employing DP-QPSK/CD

UAV Tracking System Using Integrated Sensor Fusion with RTK-GPS

A Review on the Relevant Applications of Machine Learning in Agriculture