Endometriosis

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a quantitative analytical tool commonly utilized for metabolomics analysis. Quantitative NMR (qNMR) is a field of NMR spectroscopy dedicated to the measurement of analytes through signal intensity and its linear relationship with analyte concentration. Metabolomics-based NMR exploits this quantitative relationship to identify and measure biomarkers within complex biological samples such as serum, plasma, and urine. In this review of quantitative NMR-based metabolomics, the advancements and limitations of current techniques for metabolite quantification will be evaluated as well as the applications of qNMR in biomedical metabolomics. While qNMR is limited by sensitivity and dynamic range, the simple method development, minimal sample derivatization, and the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative information provide a unique landscape for biomedical metabolomics, which is not available to other techniques. Furthermore, the non-destructive nature of NMR-based metabolomics allows for multidimensional analysis of biomarkers that facilitates unambiguous assignment and quantification of metabolites in complex biofluids.

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Quantitative NMR-Based Biomedical Metabolomics: Current Status and Applications.

Currently, there is a growing demand by our society, authorities and science to increase the knowledge about the quality of food and its relationship with health and disease. Untargeted metabolomics approaches are emerging as powerful tools for exploring metabolic changes in biological systems under different conditions with great potential in the food field. To this aim, it is necessary to apply advanced analytical techniques, such as chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry, which provides enough sensitivity and selectivity to cover a wide range of metabolites in complex samples, as food and biological samples. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the most widely adopted strategies based on the use of high resolution mass spectrometry-based techniques for the identification of food (bio)markers through the untargeted metabolomics workflow. Detailed information is provided about the trends in each stage of the metabolomics process from updated literature with the objective to help researchers to select the most appropriate metabolic approaches.

Chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry in untargeted metabolomics for investigation of food (bio)markers

The metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease developed due to accumulation and chronification of several risk factors associated with disrupted metabolism. The early detection of the biomarkers by NMR spectroscopy could be helpful to prevent multifactorial diseases. The exposure of each risk factor can be detected by traditional molecular markers but the current biomarkers have not been enough precise to detect the primary stages of disease. Thus, there is a need to obtain novel molecular markers of pre-disease stages. A promising source of new molecular markers are metabolomics standing out the research of biomarkers in NMR approaches. An increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study design, making nutrimetabolomics one of the most promising avenues for improving personalized nutrition. This review highlight the major five risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and related diseases including carbohydrate dysfunction, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, it is proposed a profile of metabolites of each risk factor obtained from NMR approaches to target them using personalized nutrition, which will improve the quality of life for these patients.

Detection of Early Disease Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A New Era with the NMR Metabolomics Assessment.

Circadian and Sleep Metabolomics Across Species.

1H NMR-based metabolite profiling for biomarker identification.

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a debilitating genetic haemoglobinopathy predominantly affecting the disenfranchised strata of society in Africa and the Americas. The most common pharmacological treatment for this disease is the administration of hydroxycarbamide (HC) for which questions remain regarding its mechanism of action, efficacy and long-term toxicity specifically in paediatric individuals. A multiplatform metabolomics approach was used to assess the metabolome of plasma samples from a population of children and adolescents with SCA with and without HC treatment along with non-SCA individuals. Fifty-three metabolites were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with a predominance of membrane lipids, amino acids and organic acids. The partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) analysis allowed a clear discrimination between the different studied groups, revealing clear effects of the HC treatment in the patients' metabolome including rescue of specific metabolites to control levels. Increased creatine/creatinine levels under HC treatment suggests a possible increase in the arginine pool and increased NO synthesis, supporting existing models for HC action in SCA. The metabolomics results extend the current knowledge on the models for SCA pathophysiology including impairment of Lands' cycle and increased synthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate. Putative novel biomarkers are suggested.

Blood plasma metabolomics of children and adolescents with sickle cell anaemia treated with hydroxycarbamide: a new tool for uncovering biochemical alterations.

Táyla C.S. Pereira

Papers

1H NMR-based metabolite profiling for biomarker identification.

Blood plasma metabolomics of children and adolescents with sickle cell anaemia treated with hydroxycarbamide: a new tool for uncovering biochemical alterations.