/pdf/how-to-conduct-surveys-a-step-by-step-guide-4za2dab8jy.pdf

How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide

Doing research in Business and Management: An Introduction to process and method

Attitudes and the Prediction of Behavior

THIS is a single volume, easy to handle and read, containing explanations of philosophical terms and outline accounts of schools of thought, special subjects and individual thinkers. It looks as though the efforts of a number of specialists had been put together in alphabetical order with little editing. Many of the articles are just right; for example, that on ‘Hegelianism’, and most of the definitions of Aristotelian terms. A few articles are too brief for clarity; many are too long and try to do too much. The Dictionary of Philosophy Edited by Dagobert D. Runes. Pp. viii + 343. (London: George Routledge and Sons, Ltd., 1944.) 27s. 6d. net.

The Dictionary of Philosophy

Customer relationship management (CRM) systems track and measure marketing campaigns over different networks. There are literally many studies associated with the implementation of CRM in different industries. This paper presents an empirical investigation to determine effective factors influencing on the success of CRM implementation. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale on measuring various factors and distributes it among selected employees who work for the biggest software maker firm in city of Tehran, Iran. Using principal component analysis, the study has detected five factors influencing on the succes of CRM including customer relationship technologies, customer oriented, enterprise development strategies, customer services and business plan.

/pdf/the-customer-relationship-management-process-its-measurement-349ix23zcm.pdf

The customer relationship management process: its measurement and impact on performance

Purpose




This article investigates the relationship between entrepreneurship and ethics under extreme poverty conditions to unearth context-specific nuances faced by entrepreneurs in these conditions.




Design/methodology/approach




A qualitative case study, research method approach was used to collect data from established firms engaged in some form of entrepreneurship and new entrepreneurs.




Findings




Findings from the study indicate that a different mindset is required for entrepreneurs to conduct business in conditions of extreme poverty, and therefore a different approach is needed to evaluate business ethics instead of a wholesale adaptation of Western-based ethical values and practices. The study identifies and provides evidence of imitative entrepreneurship undertaken by both new entrepreneurs and established firms to address basic human needs such as for food and personal hygiene.




Research limitations/implications




The emic focus on Zimbabwe, which has its own inherent circumstances, has the potential to minimise the generalisability of findings from the study. However, this does not detract from the findings of the study but actually provides a basis for further research in other markets that have extreme poverty conditions.




Practical implications




Coping strategies are outlined for managing constraints faced by entrepreneurs and opportunities for interacting with consumers. A conceptual framework is developed for use in understanding and managing the relationship between entrepreneurship and ethics in markets where there are conditions of extreme poverty.




Originality/value




Previous studies have largely focused on Western developed markets. This article extends the debate to markets under conditions of extreme poverty.

Entrepreneurship and ethics under extreme conditions of poverty: “Exploring the realities”

This article reports on a cross-country city-based investigation that profiles the middle class in Africa and distinguishes discrete segments that demonstrate the importance of heterogeneity when s...

Revisiting Middle-Class Consumers in Africa: A Cross-Country City-Based Investigation Outlining Implications for International Marketers:

Beyond the Crises: Zimbabwe's Prospects for Transformation

Research on the effect of product country of origin (COO) also referred to as “made in campaigns” or “buy national campaigns” has attracted considerable attention from international marketing theorists for the past 40 years. This paper examines how the Proudly South African (PSA) initiative in the context of the global debate on the relevance of the concept of country of origin/buy national campaign/made in campaigns has been developed. Reference is made to other international campaigns such as Made in USA and Buy New Zealand and to the importance of the concept as a cue in the purchase decision-making process of consumers.

Developing country perspectives on country-of-origin effects: the case of the proudly South African campaign

Research into entrepreneurship and business ethics has attracted increasing attention in western developed markets However, the focus of recent studies into these issues has mostly been in Europe and North America, In the process, the impact of these issues on consumers and entrepreneurs exposed to extreme poverty has been overlooked Using findings from a study conducted in Zimbabwe which is a market exposed to harsh conditions and experiencing harsh poverty, we demonstrate a need for research into entrepreneurship and business ethics in conditions of extreme poverty We argue that a different mindset is required for entrepreneurs in this environment and that this requires a different approach to western based forms of ethical practices We argue that researchers should study business ethics in this environment in the context of the environment in which entrepreneurs must operateKeywordsExtreme poverty, entrepreneurship, ethicsINTRODUCTIONThere have been calls for international business to expand the scope of research in different research fields beyond western developed markets to include emerging and underdeveloped markets in order to draw new insights which practioneers can use (Ni and Wan, 2008) Entrepreneurship and ethics in markets characterized by desperate poverty are examples of research streams where there is scope for new research (Branzei and Abdelnour, 2010; Seelos and Mair 2007 Shane and Venkataraman, 2000) There is evidence to demonstrate that entrepreneurship has potential to emancipate people from extreme poverty (Branzei and Abdelnour, 2010; Mahajan and Banga, 2006) Whilst research in both entrepreneurship and ethics has increased over the last twenty years limited attention has been paid to entrepreneurs in markets characterized by extreme poverty although there is growing evidence of entrepreneurship's contribution to poverty alleviation in these markets (eg microfmance) and subsequent calls for increased ethical behaviour (Cross and Morales, 2007; Weiser et al, 2006) Whilst there is an acknowledgment of the diversity that exists among entrepreneurs questions have emerged as to how entrepreneurs deal with new and unforeseen ethical dilemmas that are brought about by the very nature of entrepreneurship which entails business innovation (Hannafey, 2003)A significant amount of research studying consumers and firms in markets under extreme poverty has focused on the base of pyramid or bottom of pyramid or (BOP) which has attracted multi-discipline research interest Whilst there have been various attempts to classify the BOP, consensus is to use the United Nations indicator of consumers who survive on less than $2 a day which covers consumers living under extreme poverty Focus of BOP literature has been largely on economic incentives to both large and small business for conducting business at the BOP (Prahalad, 2005; London, 2009; Rangan et al, 2007) A major gap in this literature has been the lack of insight on the nature of entrepreneurship and ethics under conditions of extreme differences between rich and poor in such markets (Seelos and Mair 2007) This is a gap which this article seeks to addressWe argue that there is limited knowledge of how entrepreneurs conducting business in conditions of extreme poverty cope with the extreme constraints they face and the potential impact such constraints have on their ethical attitudes and behaviour Researching this gap is supported by Griffith et al, 2008; Branzei and Abdelnour, 2010; and El Jack, 2007; who advocate that research on entrepreneurial activity should go beyond investigating the phenomena under conflict to include disaster and terrorism The gap is further justified by Hisrich (1998) who advocates a global focus on entrepreneurship and ethics in multiple cultures and across different sectors within such cultures Whilst acknowledging the previous studies mentioned above which cover some conditions of crisis, our article extends investigation into the relationship between entrepreneurship and ethics under extreme poverty conditions …

Tendai Chikweche

Papers

Entrepreneurship and ethics under extreme conditions of poverty: “Exploring the realities”

Revisiting Middle-Class Consumers in Africa: A Cross-Country City-Based Investigation Outlining Implications for International Marketers:

Beyond the Crises: Zimbabwe's Prospects for Transformation

Developing country perspectives on country-of-origin effects: the case of the proudly South African campaign

Entrepreneurship and ethics under extreme conditions of poverty : exploring the ethical realities faced by entrepreneurs