The present invention can provide an antireflection film improved in the scratch resistance while having a sufficiently high antireflection property, and a polarizing plate and a display device using the antireflection film, the antireflection filmantireflection film comprising: a transparent support; and as an outermost layer, a low refractive index layer containing a fluorine-containing polymer, wherein the low refractive index layer comprises at least one inorganic fine particle having an average particle size of 30 to 100% of the thickness of the low refractive index layer; the polarizing plate using the antireflection film for one of two protective films of a polarizer in the polarizing plate; and the image display device using the antireflection film or polarizing plate for the outermost surface of the display.

Antireflection film, polarizing plate and image display device

An exhaust gas-purifying catalyst includes a substrate, and a catalytic layer facing the substrate and including a precious metal, alumina, an oxygen storage material, and a sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal having an average particle diameter falling within a range of 0.01 to 0.70 μm, the average particle diameter being obtained by observation using a scanning electron microscope. Another exhaust gas-purifying catalyst includes a substrate, and a catalytic layer formed on the substrate using slurry containing a precious metal, alumina, an oxygen storage material, and a sulfate of an alkaline-earth metal having an average particle diameter falling within a range of 0.01 to 0.70 μm, the average particle diameter being obtained by observation using a scanning electron microscope.

Exhaust gas purifying catalyst

Natural and synthetic (pure and doped) zircon (ZrSiO4) have been studied with a variety of spectroscopic techniques. These techniques are based on different physical phenomena, for instance transitions between spin states of nuclei and electrons, energetic transitions of valence electrons, intra-molecular vibrations, or vibrations of atoms and molecular units in the lattice. All of the diverse spectroscopic techniques, however, have in common that they probe energy differences between a ground and excited states, mostly upon interaction of the mineral with incident radiation. Such interactions are not only determined by the excited elementary particles or molecules themselves but depend greatly on their local environments (i.e. number, type, valence and geometrical arrangement of neighboring atoms). Spectroscopic techniques are thus sensitive to the local structure and provide information on the short-range order.

Most research on zircon crystals using spectroscopic techniques was done to study their “real structures,” that is the characterization of deviations from “perfect” zircon. Such features include the incorporation of non-formula elements, structural defects and the presence of inclusions and other impurities. Correspondingly, most of the spectroscopic investigations can be assigned to two major groups. The first group represents studies done to characterize the structural position and local environment of non-formula elements when incorporated in the zircon lattice, and accompanying effects on physical properties. The second group comprises studies subjected to the real structures of “metamict” zircon samples, i.e., changes of the zircon structure caused by the impact of self-irradiation and upon recovery from radiation damage (Ewing et al., this volume).

It is most obvious that a spectroscopic bulk or point analysis will first of all yield a spectrum (i.e. a plot of the intensity of the respective physical parameter versus wavelength, frequency or wavenumber), and this is what is used in most studies. In addition, image generation based on …

Spectroscopic methods applied to zircon

The invention provides a catalyzed soot filter formed on a wall flow substrate having internal walls coated with catalyst compositions. A first catalytic coating is disposed on the internal walls of the wall flow filter substrate from the outlet end to a first coating end and extending for at least part of the length of the wall flow substrate and comprises a first co-formed ceria-zirconia-praseodymia composite and a first refractory metal oxide. A second catalyst coating is disposed on the internal walls of the wall flow substrate from the inlet end to a second coating end, thereby defining an inlet zone, wherein the inlet zone is no more than 50% of the length of the wall-flow substrate; wherein the second catalyst coating comprises a second platinum group metal component.

Pressure-balanced, catalyzed soot filter

Zeolite/alumina composite, and a method for making, the composite for use as a catalyst substrate or catalyst carrier and comprising zeolite having a silica/alumina ratio of greater than 300 and gamma alumina having a specific surface area of greater than 100 m2/g. The zeolite/alumina composite exhibits a modulus of rupture of at least 750 psi. Additionally, the invention is also directed at a three catalyst (TWC) system for use in the removal of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen from waste gas, the TWC system comprising the following components: (1) a zeolite/alumina composite catalyst support exhibiting a modulus of rupture of at least 750 psi and having a zeolite with a silica/zeolite ratio of at least 300 and the alumina comprising a gamma alumina having a specific surface area of greater than 100 m2/g; and, (2) a noble metal catalyst impregnated on the catalyst support, the noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, iridium and palladium.

Zeolite/Alumina catalyst support compositions and method of making the same

Zirconium/cerium mixed oxides (optionally including thermally stabilizing dopant values), comprising solid solutions thereof, having contents of zirconium of up to 99% by weight, and having high specific surface areas, are well suited as catalysts and/or catalyst supports, notably for the treatment/conversion of vehicular exhaust gases; such ZrO 2 /CeO 2 mixed oxides are conveniently prepared by (i) intimately admixing a zirconium sol with a cerium sol, the ratio r of the mean diameter r 1 of the particles of the zirconium sol to the diameter r 2 of the particles of the cerium sol being at least 5, (ii) adding a precipitating amount of a base thereto, (iii) recovering the precipitate thus formed, and (iv) calcining the recovered precipitate.

Zirconium/cerium mixed oxide catalyst/catalyst support compositions having high/stable specific surfaces

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00613013/document

Study of the hydration of CaO powder by gas-solid reaction

Hydrothermal synthesis of porous zircon in basic fluorinated medium

Storage-stable colloidal organic sols comprise suspended tetravalent metal oxide particulates in an organic diluent medium, notably cerium dioxide particulates, the tetravalent metal oxide particulates having a particle size d 90 no greater than 200 nanometers and being complexed with at least one amphiphilic organic acid, and either said tetravalent metal oxide particulates comprising agglomerates of crystallites, the d 80 of which being no greater than 5 nanometers and at least 90% of said agglomerates comprising from 1 to 5 crystallites, and/or said at least one amphiphilic organic acid has from 11 to 50 carbon atoms and is branched in at least one of the α-, β-, γ- or δ-positions relative to the atom bearing the acidic hydrogen.

Colloidal organic sols comprising tetravalent metal oxide/organic acid complexes

The hydrothermal synthesis of zircon in a fluoride medium leads principally to two kinds of zircons, differentiated by their morphology, chemical composition, thermal stability and solubility. Differences in the thermodynamic parameters of solution (pH, temperature, [F−]) could explain the formation of these two kinds of zircons. The main hypothesis involves two crystallization mechanisms. Both include a step of gel dissolution with formation of soluble species that are responsible for the crystallization. In each case, the silicon species seem to be monomeric without fluorine. However, the nature of soluble zirconium species depends on the thermodynamic parameters of the solution. At acid pH and with fluoride ions, the reactive species for the crystallization seem to be fluoride rich zirconium complexes. In this case, the zircon obtained contains a large amount of fluoride presumably located in silicon sites (Zircon A). At basic pH, and whatever the concentration of fluoride, the reactive species for crystallization seems to be linear polymeric entities. In this case, the zircon obtained shows a typical morphology in the form of layered agglomerates and a high specific surface area (Zircon B).

Thierry Chopin

Papers

Zirconium/cerium mixed oxide catalyst/catalyst support compositions having high/stable specific surfaces

Study of the hydration of CaO powder by gas-solid reaction

Hydrothermal synthesis of porous zircon in basic fluorinated medium

Colloidal organic sols comprising tetravalent metal oxide/organic acid complexes

Mechanism of hydrothermal synthesis of zircon in a fluoride medium