MYB transcription factors in Arabidopsis

Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants

Plants regularly face adverse growth conditions, such as drought, salinity, chilling, freezing, and high temperatures. These stresses can delay growth and development, reduce productivity, and, in extreme cases, cause plant death. Plant stress responses are dynamic and involve complex cross-talk between different regulatory levels, including adjustment of metabolism and gene expression for physiological and morphological adaptation. In this review, information about metabolic regulation in response to drought, extreme temperature, and salinity stress is summarized and the signalling events involved in mediating stress-induced metabolic changes are presented.

Drought, salt, and temperature stress-induced metabolic rearrangements and regulatory networks

Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-tolerant varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and tolerance to salinity stress.

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Mechanism of Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization

High temperature (HT) stress is a major environmental stress that limits plant growth, metabolism, and productivity worldwide Plant growth and development involve numerous biochemical reactions that are sensitive to temperature Plant responses to HT vary with the degree and duration of HT and the plant type HT is now a major concern for crop production and approaches for sustaining high yields of crop plants under HT stress are important agricultural goals Plants possess a number of adaptive, avoidance, or acclimation mechanisms to cope with HT situations In addition, major tolerance mechanisms that employ ion transporters, proteins, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and other factors involved in signaling cascades and transcriptional control are activated to offset stress-induced biochemical and physiological alterations Plant survival under HT stress depends on the ability to perceive the HT stimulus, generate and transmit the signal, and initiate appropriate physiological and biochemical changes HT-induced gene expression and metabolite synthesis also substantially improve tolerance The physiological and biochemical responses to heat stress are active research areas, and the molecular approaches are being adopted for developing HT tolerance in plants This article reviews the recent findings on responses, adaptation, and tolerance to HT at the cellular, organellar, and whole plant levels and describes various approaches being taken to enhance thermotolerance in plants

Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants

Polyamines are low molecular weight, aliphatic polycations found in the cells of all living organisms. Due to their positive charges, polyamines bind to macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. They are involved in diverse processes, including regulation of gene expression, translation, cell proliferation, modulation of cell signalling, and membrane stabilization. They also modulate the activities of certain sets of ion channels. Because of these multifaceted functions, the homeostasis of polyamines is crucial and is ensured through regulation of biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. Through isolation of the genes involved in plant polyamine biosynthesis and loss-of-function experiments on the corresponding genes, their essentiality for growth is reconfirmed. Polyamines are also involved in stress responses and diseases in plants, indicating their importance for plant survival. This review summarizes the recent advances in polyamine research in the field of plant science compared with the knowledge obtained in microorganisms and animal systems.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/23389984.pdf

Polyamines: essential factors for growth and survival.

https://eprints.cs.univie.ac.at/3231/1/0-S1874939911001787-main.pdf

The plant heat stress transcription factor (Hsf) family: structure, function and evolution.

A Protective Role for the Polyamine Spermine Against Drought Stress in Arabidopsis

Polyamines are small aliphatic amines found in all living organisms except some Archaea. In plants, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are major components which are not only involved in fundamental cellular processes, for example cell proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death, but also in adaptive responses to environmental stress. In this article we review plant polyamine research focusing on recent studies.

Thomas Berberich

Papers

Polyamines: essential factors for growth and survival.

The plant heat stress transcription factor (Hsf) family: structure, function and evolution.

A Protective Role for the Polyamine Spermine Against Drought Stress in Arabidopsis

Advances in polyamine research in 2007

The polyamine spermine protects against high salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana