Experience and Educationis the best concise statement on education ever published by John Dewey, the man acknowledged to be the pre-eminent educational theorist of the twentieth century. Written more than two decades after Democracy and Education(Dewey's most comprehensive statement of his position in educational philosophy), this book demonstrates how Dewey reformulated his ideas as a result of his intervening experience with the progressive schools and in the light of the criticisms his theories had received. Analysing both "traditional" and "progressive" education, Dr. Dewey here insists that neither the old nor the new education is adequate and that each is miseducative because neither of them applies the principles of a carefully developed philosophy of experience. Many pages of this volume illustrate Dr. Dewey's ideas for a philosophy of experience and its relation to education. He particularly urges that all teachers and educators looking for a new movement in education should think in terms of the deeped and larger issues of education rather than in terms of some divisive "ism" about education, even such an "ism" as "progressivism." His philosophy, here expressed in its most essential, most readable form, predicates an American educational system that respects all sources of experience, on that offers a true learning situation that is both historical and social, both orderly and dynamic.

经验与教育 = Experience and education

Electrostatic Basis for Enzyme Catalysis

Advances in transition state theory and computer simulations are providing new insights into the sources of enzyme catalysis. Both lowering of the activation free energy and changes in the generalized transmission coefficient (recrossing of the transition state, tunneling, and nonequilibrium contributions) can play a role. A framework for understanding these effects is presented, and the contributions of the different factors, as illustrated by specific enzymes, are identified and quantified by computer simulations. The resulting understanding of enzyme catalysis is used to comment on alternative proposals of how enzymes work.

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How Enzymes Work: Analysis by Modern Rate Theory and Computer Simulations

Neural plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.

▪ Abstract This review discusses methods for the incorporation of quantum mechanical effects into enzyme kinetics simulations in which the enzyme is an explicit part of the model. We emphasize three aspects: (a) use of quantum mechanical electronic structure methods such as molecular orbital theory and density functional theory, usually in conjunction with molecular mechanics; (b) treating vibrational motions quantum mechanically, either in an instantaneous harmonic approximation, or by path integrals, or by a three-dimensional wave function coupled to classical nuclear motion; (c) incorporation of multidimensional tunneling approximations into reaction rate calculations.

/pdf/quantum-mechanical-methods-for-enzyme-kinetics-jdk1swec30.pdf

Quantum mechanical methods for enzyme kinetics

Ten C2-symmetric cyclic urea and sulfamide derivatives have been synthesized from l-mannonic γ-lactone and d-mannitol. The results of experimental measurement of their inhibitory potencies against HIV-1 protease were compared to calculated free energies of binding derived from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The compounds were selected, firstly, to enable elucidation of the role of stereochemistry for binding affinity (1a−d) and, secondly, to allow evaluation of the effects of variation in the link to the P1 and P1‘ phenyl groups on affinity (1a and 2−5). Thirdly, compounds with hydrogen bond-accepting or -donating groups attached to the phenyl groups in the P2 and P2‘ side chains (6 and 7) were selected. Binding free energies were estimated by a linear response method, whose predictive power for estimating binding affinities from MD simulations was demonstrated.

Cyclic HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Derived from Mannitol: Synthesis, Inhibitory Potencies, and Computational Predictions of Binding Affinities

Background Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is one of the most controversial clinical entities in medicine. Despite many reports of operative and non-operative interventions, rigorous scientific investigation of this syndrome leading to evidence based management is lacking. Objectives To evaluate the beneficial and adverse effects of the available operative and non-operative interventions for the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Trials Specialized Register (July 2009), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2009), MEDLINE (January 1966 to June 2009), EMBASE (January 1980 to June 2009), CINAHL (January 1981 to June 2009), AMED (January 1985 to June 2009) and reference lists of articles. Selection criteria We selected randomized or quasi-randomized studies in any language of participants with the diagnosis of any type of thoracic outlet syndrome (neurogenic, vascular, and disputed). The primary outcome measure was change in pain rating on a validated visual analog or similar scale at least six months after the intervention. The secondary outcomes were change in muscle strength and adverse effects of the interventions. Data collection and analysis Four authors independently selected the trials to be included and extracted data. The one included study was rated for risk of bias according to the methods recommended in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Main results This review was complicated by a lack of generally accepted criteria for the diagnosis of TOS and had to rely exclusively on the diagnosis of TOS by the investigators in the reviewed studies. There were no studies comparing natural progression with any active intervention. In one trial with a high risk of bias involving 55 participants transaxillary first rib resection decreased pain more than supraclavicular neuroplasty of the brachial plexus. There were no adverse effects in either group. Authors conclusions This review was complicated by a lack of generally accepted diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of TOS. There was very low quality evidence that transaxillary first rib resection decreased pain more than supraclavicular neuroplasty but no randomized evidence that either is better than no treatment. There is no randomized evidence to support the use of other currently used treatments. There is a need for an agreed definition for the diagnosis of TOS, especially the disputed form, agreed outcome measures and high quality randomized trials that compare the outcome of interventions with no treatment and with each other.

Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome

Tactile stimulation of the hand causes bilateral cortical activation: a functional magnetic resonance study in humans

Energetics of nucleophile activation in a protein tyrosine phosphatase.

Substitution reactions of 2-phenylsulphonyl-piperidines and -pyrrolidines with carbon nucleophiles: Synthesis of the pyrrolidine alkaloids norruspoline and ruspolinone

Thomas Hansson

Papers

Cyclic HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Derived from Mannitol: Synthesis, Inhibitory Potencies, and Computational Predictions of Binding Affinities

Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome

Tactile stimulation of the hand causes bilateral cortical activation: a functional magnetic resonance study in humans

Energetics of nucleophile activation in a protein tyrosine phosphatase.

Substitution reactions of 2-phenylsulphonyl-piperidines and -pyrrolidines with carbon nucleophiles: Synthesis of the pyrrolidine alkaloids norruspoline and ruspolinone