Showing papers by "Thomas Hess published in 1999"

Trait diagnosticity versus behavioral consistency as determinants of impression change in adulthood.

Abstract: Age differences in the types of processing associated with impression change were examined. Young. middle-aged, and older adults formed an impression of a target based on a short vignette that described either positive or negative characteristics in I of 2 domains (ability vs. morality). Impression change was examined after presentation of additional behavioral information that was inconsistent with the original vignette. Replicating previous findings, younger adults changed their impressions in response to the consistency of the new information with the initial target description. In contrast, impression change in the 2 older groups was based on the trait diagnosticity of the original and new information, suggesting greater use of inferential, knowledge-based processing with age. The results indicate that qualitative differences exist in impression change processes, with different-aged individuals considering different types of information when constructing and updating social representations.

Cognitive and Knowledge-Based Influences on Social Representations

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter explains the cognitive and knowledge-based influences on social representations. The chapter presents a general framework for understanding the nature of developmental changes associated with social representational processes in adulthood. This framework identifies at least two sets of influences on such processes that are affected by aging and highlights their independent as well as interactive effects. Research presents that aging is associated with constraints on impression formation through normative changes in cognitive skills. The changes affect the efficiency of operations and the resources available for processing social information. At the same time, changes in goals and belief systems influence the characteristics of other people to which the individual attend and the nature of processing in which individual engage. It is also important to consider the extent to which cognitive factors influence goals. The research explains that aging-related declines in cognitive functioning might limit the ability of individuals to process social information in a manner consistent with situational goals. At the same time, it is clear that the focus on younger adults limits the understanding of the mechanisms underlying social information processing. Finally benefits can be obtained in understanding other aspects of social cognitive functioning when age is included as a variable in research.

The Social Cognitive Perspective and the Study of Aging

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the social cognitive perspective and the study of aging. Since 1980, the study of social cognition and aging has witnessed considerable growth in both breadth and scope. The chapter focuses on identifying the advantages of adopting a social cognitive perspective in the study of aging and illustrates this through current work in the field. The basic goal of social cognition can reasonably be characterized as understanding how people make sense of themselves and events in everyday life. The cognitive process and social competence aspects of the social cognitive perspective are linked. On the one hand, the cognitive process underlying the acquisition and use of social knowledge directly influences socially competent behavior. An understanding of such processes can give one some insight into the manner in which social knowledge is organized and accessed in memory, along with factors that limit effective use of this knowledge. At the same time, social competence factors can be viewed as influencing the way in which cognitive processing proceeds. Perhaps the most important factor for understanding aging and social behavior, however, is the important role that the social cognitive perspective assigns to personal and situational factors that influence information processing. The chapter summarizes that the principles of social cognition have greatly affected social cognitive research in aging. However, aging research has also broadened the understanding of social cognitive process.

Content-Management für Online-Informationsangebote

Abstract: Fur die meisten Unternehmen der Medienbranche ist das Internet mit dem World Wide Web (WWW) ein zusatzlicher Absatzkanal [Hess99]. Dabei gilt es nicht nur einen Online-Auftritt im Internet zum Zweck der Ausendarstellung zu gestalten. In den meisten Fallen lassen sich digitalisierte Produkte der Medienindustrie direkt uber das Internet vertreiben bzw. last sich der Vertrieb klassischer Produkte unterstutzen. Die dafur erforderlichen Angebote im Internet zeichnen sich durch Interaktivitat, Aktualitat, Personalisierung, multimediale Aufbereitung und umfangreiche Suchmoglichkeiten aus.

Medienunternehmen im digitalen Zeitalter - eine erste Bestandsaufnahme

Abstract: Anfang der 90er Jahre waren die Medienunternehmen erstmals massiv mit neuen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien konfrontiert. Schon bald wurde klar, das die nun bereitstehenden Online-Technologien erstmals Produkte und Dienstleistungen, Prozesse sowie ganze Wertschopfungsketten tangieren konnten.

Realization of Internet Services in a Media Company – the Case of Bertelsmann Professional Information

Abstract: The Internet offers a new channel for distribution of content and provision of new services to media companies. Media companies are adopting this. Indepth analysis of products, processes and Information Technology infrastructure in the companies is still missing. The aim of this paper is to discuss this question based on the case of Bertelsmann Professional Information. Bertelsmann Professional Information developed new Internet services from 1996 to 1997. As one of the results of this study, several new topics for research have been identified: opportunities and restrictions of automation of selection and packaging of content, organization of data flow while using different target media and outsourcing of information technology functions in a media company.

Erste Überlegungen zum Controlling in Unternehmensnetzwerken

Abstract: Seit Beginn der 80er Jahre sind Joint Ventures und strategische Allianzen vertraute Formen zwischenbetrieblicher Kooperationen. Neu hinzugekommen sind in den letzten Jahren die Unternehmensnetzwerke. Unternehmensnetzwerken (synonym nachfolgend: Netzen) wird zur Zeit viel Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt, sowohl in der Theorie als auch in der Praxis. Bei dieser Diskussion stehen die Vor- und Nachteile, die organisatorische Ausgestaltung, die Unterstutzung durch Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik und der Einflus der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik auf die Entstehung von Unternehmensnetzwerken im Mittelpunkt (Sydow 1992; Mertens/Griese/Ehrenberg 1998; Picot/Reichwald/Wigand 1998; Winand/Nathusis 1998).