다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

This review is an updated and expanded version of the five prior reviews that were published in this journal in 1997, 2003, 2007, 2012, and 2016. For all approved therapeutic agents, the time frame has been extended to cover the almost 39 years from the first of January 1981 to the 30th of September 2019 for all diseases worldwide and from ∼1946 (earliest so far identified) to the 30th of September 2019 for all approved antitumor drugs worldwide. As in earlier reviews, only the first approval of any drug is counted, irrespective of how many "biosimilars" or added approvals were subsequently identified. As in the 2012 and 2016 reviews, we have continued to utilize our secondary subdivision of a "natural product mimic", or "NM", to join the original primary divisions, and the designation "natural product botanical", or "NB", to cover those botanical "defined mixtures" now recognized as drug entities by the FDA (and similar organizations). From the data presented in this review, the utilization of natural products and/or synthetic variations using their novel structures, in order to discover and develop the final drug entity, is still alive and well. For example, in the area of cancer, over the time frame from 1946 to 1980, of the 75 small molecules, 40, or 53.3%, are N or ND. In the 1981 to date time frame the equivalent figures for the N* compounds of the 185 small molecules are 62, or 33.5%, though to these can be added the 58 S* and S*/NMs, bringing the figure to 64.9%. In other areas, the influence of natural product structures is quite marked with, as expected from prior information, the anti-infective area being dependent on natural products and their structures, though as can be seen in the review there are still disease areas (shown in Table 2) for which there are no drugs derived from natural products. Although combinatorial chemistry techniques have succeeded as methods of optimizing structures and have been used very successfully in the optimization of many recently approved agents, we are still able to identify only two de novo combinatorial compounds (one of which is a little speculative) approved as drugs in this 39-year time frame, though there is also one drug that was developed using the "fragment-binding methodology" and approved in 2012. We have also added a discussion of candidate drug entities currently in clinical trials as "warheads" and some very interesting preliminary reports on sources of novel antibiotics from Nature due to the absolute requirement for new agents to combat plasmid-borne resistance genes now in the general populace. We continue to draw the attention of readers to the recognition that a significant number of natural product drugs/leads are actually produced by microbes and/or microbial interactions with the "host from whence it was isolated"; thus we consider that this area of natural product research should be expanded significantly.

Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019.

Thank you for reading principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer.

Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Wearable biosensors are garnering substantial interest due to their potential to provide continuous, real-time physiological information via dynamic, noninvasive measurements of biochemical markers in biofluids, such as sweat, tears, saliva and interstitial fluid. Recent developments have focused on electrochemical and optical biosensors, together with advances in the noninvasive monitoring of biomarkers including metabolites, bacteria and hormones. A combination of multiplexed biosensing, microfluidic sampling and transport systems have been integrated, miniaturized and combined with flexible materials for improved wearability and ease of operation. Although wearable biosensors hold promise, a better understanding of the correlations between analyte concentrations in the blood and noninvasive biofluids is needed to improve reliability. An expanded set of on-body bioaffinity assays and more sensing strategies are needed to make more biomarkers accessible to monitoring. Large-cohort validation studies of wearable biosensor performance will be needed to underpin clinical acceptance. Accurate and reliable real-time sensing of physiological information using wearable biosensor technologies would have a broad impact on our daily lives.

Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring.

We present two remotely adjustable check-valves with an electrochemical release mechanism for implantable biomedical microsystems. Using these valves, one can vary the opening pressure set-point and flow resistance over a period of time. In the first design, an array of remotely addressable valves with a SU-8 structural polymer layer deposited on the top of a gold sacrificial layer act as the micromachined check-valve. In an alternative design, the set point is changed by varying the length of a cantilever-beam. The adjustable cantilever-beam structure is fabricated by gold thermo-compression bond of a thin silicon wafer over a glass substrate. The evaporated gold forms anchors on the silicon and strips on the glass substrate. Adjustment of both microvalves is based on electrochemical dissolution of gold using a constant DC current obtained via a telemetry link. A current density of 35mA/cm/sup 2/ is used to activate the valves. Both gravity and syringe-pump driven flow are used to characterize the valve performance. The multistage fluidic performance (e.g. flow resistance and opening pressure) is clearly demonstrated.

Remotely adjustable check-valves with an electrochemical release mechanism for implantable biomedical microsystem

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adfm.201470256

Flexible Electronics: Microflotronics: A Flexible, Transparent, Pressure‐Sensitive Microfluidic Film (Adv. Funct. Mater. 39/2014)

A wearable emotional feedback apparatus "AutiSense", for collecting and displaying emotional feedback information for use in working with those having Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A wearable sensing mesh (e.g., glove or sock) is configured with physiological sensors, including skin response and heart rate, for detecting response to emotional stimuli and communicating the information to a mobile device for display and optional storage and additional processing.

Wearable emotional feedback apparatus for autism spectrum disorder

Some polymeric devices, as described herein, can be made of a first layer and a second layer bonded together with one or more microfluidic channels defined internal to the device. The first layer and the second layer may each include a substrate and a polymer bonded to the substrate. The two layers may be bonded through a polymer network that interpenetrates the polymers in the first and second layers. This disclosure also describes methods of bonding together polymeric articles. The methods include diffusing polymerizable monomers and radical forming initiators into the surfaces of one or both of the polymers, putting the surfaces into contact, and initiating polymerization to create a polymer network that interpenetrates the polymers.

Polymeric devices and methods of making

In this paper, we report on the tissue temperature measurement and heat transfer mechanisms for inductively powered microsystems. It is shown that heat transfer from the transmitter coil can be the dominant mechanism in tissue heating for applications that require continuous operation (e.g., neural and visual prosthetics). For long-term operation, this thermal effect shouldn't be overlooked or underestimated for tissue safety. Tissue temperature measurements in open and thermally isolated environments are used to verify the above hypothesis. A high-efficiency class-E transmitter is used as the main power source. Heat is generated within the transmitter coil and is transferred to the tissue by conduction, convection, and radiation. Open-air temperature measurements in fat and muscle tissue show a net increase of 0.8 and 0.7/spl deg/C respectively. However, thermally isolated sample show a lower temperature increase (fat: 0.6/spl deg/C, muscle: 0.5/spl deg/C).

Tingrui Pan

Papers

Remotely adjustable check-valves with an electrochemical release mechanism for implantable biomedical microsystem

Flexible Electronics: Microflotronics: A Flexible, Transparent, Pressure‐Sensitive Microfluidic Film (Adv. Funct. Mater. 39/2014)

Wearable emotional feedback apparatus for autism spectrum disorder

Polymeric devices and methods of making

Tissue temperature measurement and heat transfer mechanisms for inductively powered implantable microsystems