Todd S. Braver

TL;DR: This chapter reports on work that uses this framework to address a critical question about cognitive control: How can a system learn to choose and appropriately update representations in active memory that can be used to control behavior?

TL;DR: In this article, a theory of cognitive aging is presented in which healthy older adults are hypothesized to suffer from disturbances in the processing of context that impair cognitive control function across multiple domains, including attention, inhibition, and working memory.

TL;DR: The results suggest that changes in motivational state may modulate performance through sustained activity in cognitive control regions and that the effect of incentives may be affected by the personalities of the participants.

TL;DR: No evidence was found to support either a left/right verbal/nonverbal WM processes or a dorsal/ventral spatial/nonspatial dissociation, and other factors that could account for the data are considered, including subjects' strategy selection, encoding of information into WM, and the nature of representational schemes in prefrontal cortex.

TL;DR: Older adults showed reduced activation during the cue and delay period but increased activation at the time of the probe, particularly on high-interference trials, consistent with the hypothesis that age-related impairments in goal maintenance abilities cause a compensatory shift in older adults from a proactive to a reactive cognitive control strategy.