Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems

Thank you for downloading computers and intractability a guide to the theory of np completeness. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this computers and intractability a guide to the theory of np completeness, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.

Computers And Intractability A Guide To The Theory Of Np Completeness

This book studies language(s) and linguistic theories from a mathematical point of view. Starting with ideas already contained in Montague's work, it develops the mathematical foundations of present day linguistics. It equips the reader with all the background necessary to understand and evaluate theories as diverse as Montague Grammar, Categorial Grammar, HPSG and GB. The mathematical tools are mainly from universal algebra and logic, but no particular knowledge is presupposed beyond a certain mathematical sophistication that is in any case needed in order to fruitfully work within these theories. The presentation focuses on abstract mathematical structures and their computational properties, but plenty of examples from different natural languages are provided to illustrate the main concepts and results. In contrast to books devoted to so-called formal language theory, languages are seen here as semiotic systems, that is, as systems of signs. A language sign correlates form with meaning. Using the principle of compositionality it is possible to gain substantial insight into the interaction between form and meaning in natural languages.

Mathematics of Language

Verification of initial-state opacity in security applications of discrete event systems

Control and coordination in hierarchical systems

In 1973, V. Virkkunen proved that propagating scattered context grammars which use leftmost derivations are as powerful as context-sensitive grammars. This paper brings a significantly simplified proof of this result.

/pdf/leftmost-derivations-of-propagating-scattered-context-4znf0cujg5.pdf

Leftmost Derivations of Propagating Scattered Context Grammars: A New Proof

Coordinated Control of Discrete Event Systems with Nonprefix-Closed Languages

Critical observability is a property of cyber-physical systems to detect whether the current state belongs to a set of critical states. In safety-critical applications, critical states model operations that may be unsafe or of a particular interest. De Santis et al. introduced critical observability for linear switching systems, and Pola et al. adapted it for discrete-event systems, focusing on algorithmic complexity. We study the computational complexity of deciding critical observability for systems modeled as (networks of) finite-state automata and Petri nets. We show that deciding critical observability is: 1) NL-complete for finite automata, i.e., it is efficiently verifiable on parallel computers; 2) PSPACE-complete for networks of finite automata, i.e., it is very unlikely solvable in polynomial time; and 3) undecidable for labeled Petri nets, but becoming decidable if the set of critical states (markings) is finite or cofinite, in which case the problem is as hard as the nonreachability problem for Petri nets.

Critical Observability for Automata and Petri Nets

https://users.math.cas.cz/~masopust/pubs/2007/ipl2007.pdf

Descriptional complexity of semi-conditional grammars

This paper discusses the state complexity of projected regular languages represented by incomplete deterministic finite automata. It is shown that the known upper bound is reachable only by automata with one unobservable transition, that is, a transition labeled with a symbol removed by the projection. The present paper improves this upper bound by considering the structure of the automaton. It also proves that the new bounds are tight, considers the case of finite languages, and presents several open problems.

Tomáš Masopust

Papers

Leftmost Derivations of Propagating Scattered Context Grammars: A New Proof

Coordinated Control of Discrete Event Systems with Nonprefix-Closed Languages

Critical Observability for Automata and Petri Nets

Descriptional complexity of semi-conditional grammars

State complexity of projected languages