Tomer Anor

TL;DR: The 3D simulations with the rigid walls predict higher amplitude of the flowrate and pressure temporal oscillations than the one-dimensional simulations with compliant walls at various segments even for small time-variations in the arterial cross-sectional areas.

TL;DR: A novel systematic approach to optimizing the design of concentric tube robots for neurosurgical procedures that identifies the need for either fixed-curvature versus variable-Curvature sections and returns the least-complex robot.

Abstract: 1. Full-scale simulations of the virtual physiological human (VPH) will require significant advances in modelling, multiscale mathematics, scientific computing and further advances in medical imaging. Herein, we review some of the main issues that need to be resolved in order to make three-dimensional (3D) simulations of blood flow in the human arterial tree feasible in the near future. 2. A straightforward approach is computationally prohibitive even on the emerging petaflop supercomputers, so a three-level hierarchical approach based on vessel size is required, consisting of: (i) a macrovascular network (MaN); (ii) a mesovascular network (MeN); and (iii) a microvascular network (MiN). We present recent simulations of MaN obtained by solving the 3D Navier-Stokes equations on arterial networks with tens of arteries and bifurcations and accounting for the neglected dynamics through proper boundary conditions. 3. A multiscale simulation coupling MaN-MeN-MiN and running on hundreds of thousands of processors on petaflop computers will require no more than a few CPU hours per cardiac cycle within the next 5 years. The rapidly growing capacity of supercomputing centres opens up the possibility of simulation studies of cardiovascular diseases, drug delivery, perfusion in the brain and other pathologies.

TL;DR: This paper presents a concentric tube manipulator mated to a robotically controlled flexible endoscope that adds three degrees of freedom to the standard neuroendoscope and roboticizes the entire package allowing the operator to conveniently manipulate the device.

TL;DR: A two-level domain decomposition method, and a new type of outflow boundary condition to control flow rates at tens of terminal vessels of the arterial network are developed and implemented.