Disambiguating named entities in natural-language text maps mentions of ambiguous names onto canonical entities like people or places, registered in a knowledge base such as DBpedia or YAGO. This paper presents a robust method for collective disambiguation, by harnessing context from knowledge bases and using a new form of coherence graph. It unifies prior approaches into a comprehensive framework that combines three measures: the prior probability of an entity being mentioned, the similarity between the contexts of a mention and a candidate entity, as well as the coherence among candidate entities for all mentions together. The method builds a weighted graph of mentions and candidate entities, and computes a dense subgraph that approximates the best joint mention-entity mapping. Experiments show that the new method significantly outperforms prior methods in terms of accuracy, with robust behavior across a variety of inputs.

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Robust Disambiguation of Named Entities in Text

The major change in the second edition of this book is the addition of a new chapter on probabilistic retrieval. This chapter has been included because I think this is one of the most interesting and active areas of research in information retrieval. There are still many problems to be solved so I hope that this particular chapter will be of some help to those who want to advance the state of knowledge in this area. All the other chapters have been updated by including some of the more recent work on the topics covered. In preparing this new edition I have benefited from discussions with Bruce Croft, The material of this book is aimed at advanced undergraduate information (or computer) science students, postgraduate library science students, and research workers in the field of IR. Some of the chapters, particularly Chapter 6 * , make simple use of a little advanced mathematics. However, the necessary mathematical tools can be easily mastered from numerous mathematical texts that now exist and, in any case, references have been given where the mathematics occur. I had to face the problem of balancing clarity of exposition with density of references. I was tempted to give large numbers of references but was afraid they would have destroyed the continuity of the text. I have tried to steer a middle course and not compete with the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. Normally one is encouraged to cite only works that have been published in some readily accessible form, such as a book or periodical. Unfortunately, much of the interesting work in IR is contained in technical reports and Ph.D. theses. For example, most the work done on the SMART system at Cornell is available only in reports. Luckily many of these are now available through the National Technical Information Service (U.S.) and University Microfilms (U.K.). I have not avoided using these sources although if the same material is accessible more readily in some other form I have given it preference. I should like to acknowledge my considerable debt to many people and institutions that have helped me. Let me say first that they are responsible for many of the ideas in this book but that only I wish to be held responsible. My greatest debt is to Karen Sparck Jones who taught me to research information retrieval as an experimental science. Nick Jardine and Robin …

Information retrieval

In the last 16 years, more than 200 research articles were published about research-paper recommender systems. We reviewed these articles and present some descriptive statistics in this paper, as well as a discussion about the major advancements and shortcomings and an overview of the most common recommendation concepts and approaches. We found that more than half of the recommendation approaches applied content-based filtering (55 %). Collaborative filtering was applied by only 18 % of the reviewed approaches, and graph-based recommendations by 16 %. Other recommendation concepts included stereotyping, item-centric recommendations, and hybrid recommendations. The content-based filtering approaches mainly utilized papers that the users had authored, tagged, browsed, or downloaded. TF-IDF was the most frequently applied weighting scheme. In addition to simple terms, n-grams, topics, and citations were utilized to model users' information needs. Our review revealed some shortcomings of the current research. First, it remains unclear which recommendation concepts and approaches are the most promising. For instance, researchers reported different results on the performance of content-based and collaborative filtering. Sometimes content-based filtering performed better than collaborative filtering and sometimes it performed worse. We identified three potential reasons for the ambiguity of the results. (A) Several evaluations had limitations. They were based on strongly pruned datasets, few participants in user studies, or did not use appropriate baselines. (B) Some authors provided little information about their algorithms, which makes it difficult to re-implement the approaches. Consequently, researchers use different implementations of the same recommendations approaches, which might lead to variations in the results. (C) We speculated that minor variations in datasets, algorithms, or user populations inevitably lead to strong variations in the performance of the approaches. Hence, finding the most promising approaches is a challenge. As a second limitation, we noted that many authors neglected to take into account factors other than accuracy, for example overall user satisfaction. In addition, most approaches (81 %) neglected the user-modeling process and did not infer information automatically but let users provide keywords, text snippets, or a single paper as input. Information on runtime was provided for 10 % of the approaches. Finally, few research papers had an impact on research-paper recommender systems in practice. We also identified a lack of authority and long-term research interest in the field: 73 % of the authors published no more than one paper on research-paper recommender systems, and there was little cooperation among different co-author groups. We concluded that several actions could improve the research landscape: developing a common evaluation framework, agreement on the information to include in research papers, a stronger focus on non-accuracy aspects and user modeling, a platform for researchers to exchange information, and an open-source framework that bundles the available recommendation approaches.

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Research-paper recommender systems: a literature survey

Multilabel learning has become a relevant learning paradigm in the past years due to the increasing number of fields where it can be applied and also to the emerging number of techniques that are being developed. This article presents an up-to-date tutorial about multilabel learning that introduces the paradigm and describes the main contributions developed. Evaluation measures, fields of application, trending topics, and resources are also presented.

A Tutorial on Multilabel Learning

Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing

Ontology is an effective conceptualism commonly used for the semantic Web. Fuzzy logic can be incorporated to ontology to represent uncertainty information. Typically, fuzzy ontology is generated from a predefined concept hierarchy. However, to construct a concept hierarchy for a certain domain can be a difficult and tedious task. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes the FOGA (fuzzy ontology generation framework) for automatic generation of fuzzy ontology on uncertainty information. The FOGA framework comprises the following components: fuzzy formal concept analysis, concept hierarchy generation, and fuzzy ontology generation. We also discuss approximating reasoning for incremental enrichment of the ontology with new upcoming data. Finally, a fuzzy-based technique for integrating other attributes of database to the ontology is proposed

Automatic fuzzy ontology generation for semantic Web

Semantic Web provides a knowledge-based environment that enables information to be shared and retrieved effectively In this research, we propose the Scholarly Semantic Web for the sharing, reuse and management of scholarly information To support the Scholarly Semantic Web, we need to construct ontology from data which is a tedious and difficult task To generate ontology automatically, Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is an effective technique that can formally abstract data as conceptual structures To enable FCA to deal with uncertainty in data and interpret the concept hierarchy reasonably, we propose to incorporate fuzzy logic into FCA for automatic generation of ontology The proposed new framework is known as Fuzzy Formal Concept Analysis (FFCA) In this paper, we will discuss the Scholarly Semantic Web, and the ontology generation process from the FFCA framework In addition, the performance of the FFCA framework for ontology generation will also be evaluated and presented

Automatic generation of ontology for scholarly semantic web

This paper proposes a new fuzzy FCA-based approach to conceptual clustering for automatic generation of concept hierarchy on uncertainty data. The proposed approach first incorporates fuzzy logic into Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) to form a fuzzy concept lattice. Next, a fuzzy conceptual clustering technique is proposed to cluster the fuzzy concept lattice into conceptual clusters. Then, hierarchical rela- tions are generated among conceptual clusters for constructing the con- cept hierarchy. In this paper, we also apply the proposed approach to generate a concept hierarchy of research areas from a citation database. The performance of the proposed approach is also discussed in the paper.

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A Fuzzy FCA-based Approach to Conceptual Clustering for Automatic Generation of Concept Hierarchy on Uncertainty Data

Annotated fuzzy logic programs

Emotion detection from text is still an appealing challenge. The approaches to this problem have been done firstly based on just emotional keywords, and then extended with utilizing also other generic terms. However, they still lack of some useful semantic features, such as a psychological characteristic that emotion is the result of a mental state sequence. Recent works focus on using rules to exploit those features, but have the coverage problem. In this paper, we propose a method using the high-order Hidden Markov Model whose states are automatically generated to model the process that a mental state sequence causes an emotion. Our experiments on the ISEAR dataset have shown a better result in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods.

Tru H. Cao

Papers

Automatic fuzzy ontology generation for semantic Web

Automatic generation of ontology for scholarly semantic web

A Fuzzy FCA-based Approach to Conceptual Clustering for Automatic Generation of Concept Hierarchy on Uncertainty Data

Annotated fuzzy logic programs

A high-order hidden Markov model for emotion detection from textual data