Metal oxide nanomaterials are one of the preferences as antibacterial active materials. Due to its distinctive electronic configuration and suitable properties, ZnO is one of the novel antibacterial active materials. Nowadays, researchers are making a serious effort to improve the antibacterial activities of ZnO by forming a composite with the same/different bandgap semiconductor materials and doping of ions. Applying capping agents such as polymers and plant extract that control the morphology and size of the nanomaterials and optimizing different conditions also enhance the antibacterial activity. Forming a nanocomposite and doping reduces the electron/hole recombination, increases the surface area to volume ratio, and also improves the stability towards dissolution and corrosion. The release of antimicrobial ions, electrostatic interaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations are the crucial antibacterial activity mechanism. This review also presents a detailed discussion of the antibacterial activity improvement of ZnO by forming a composite, doping, and optimizing different conditions. The morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and confocal microscopy can confirm the antibacterial activity and also supports for developing a satisfactory mechanism. Graphical abstract showing the metal oxides antibacterial mechanism and the fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic images.

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A Review on Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of ZnO: Mechanisms and Microscopic Investigation

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from Syzygium Cumini leaves extract with robust photocatalysis applications

ZnO nanomaterials: Green synthesis, toxicity evaluation and new insights in biomedical applications

Extensive research in nanotechnology has been conducted to investigate new behaviours and properties of materials with nanoscale dimensions. ZnO NPs owing to their distinct physical and chemical properties have gained considerable importance and are hence investigated to a detailed degree for exploitation of these properties. This communication, at the outset, elaborates the various chemical methods of preparation of ZnO NPs, viz., the mechanochemical process, controlled precipitation, sol–gel method, vapour transport method, solvothermal and hydrothermal methods, and methods using emulsion and micro-emulsion environments. The paper further describes the green methods employing the use of plant extracts, in particular, for the synthesis of ZnO NPs. The modifications of ZnO with organic (carboxylic acid, silanes) and inorganic (metal oxides) compounds and polymer matrices have then been described. The multitudinous applications of ZnO NPs across a variety of fields such as the rubber industry, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, textile industry, opto-electronics and agriculture have been presented. Elaborative narratives on the photocatalytic and a variety of biomedical applications of ZnO have also been included. The ecotoxic impacts of ZnO NPs have additionally been briefly highlighted. Finally, efforts have been made to examine the current challenges and future scope of the synthetic modes and applications of ZnO NPs.

ZnO nanostructured materials and their potential applications: progress, challenges and perspectives

Bioinspired and green synthesis of nanoparticles from plant extracts with antiviral and antimicrobial properties: A critical review

This paper presents an efficient, environmentally friendly, and simple approach for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using orange fruit peel extract This approach aims to both minimize the use of toxic chemicals in nanoparticle fabrication and enhance the antibacterial activity and biomedical applications of ZnO nanoparticles In this work, an aqueous extract of orange peel was used as the biological reduction agent for the synthesis of ZnO NPs from zinc acetate dihydrate It was found that the size and morphology of the ZnO NPs significantly depended on physicochemical parameters such as the annealing temperature and pH during NP synthesis The ZnO NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli (E coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus) without UV illumination at an NP concentration of 0025 mg mL−1 after 8 h of incubation In particular, the bactericidal activity towards S aureus varied extensively with the synthesis parameters This study presents an efficient green synthesis route for ZnO NPs with a wide range of potential applications, especially in the biomedical field

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Tu Uyen Doan Thi

Papers

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using orange fruit peel extract for antibacterial activities