Solar Engineering Of Thermal Processes

Several simplified design procedures for solar energy systems require monthly average meteorological data. Monthly average daily totals of the solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface are available. However, radiation data on tilted surfaces, required by the design procedures, are generally not available. A simple method of estimating the average daily radiation for each calendar month on surfaces facing directly towards the equator has been presented by Liu and Jordan [1]. This method is verified with experimental measurements and extended to allow calculation of monthly average radiation on surfaces of a wide range of orientations.

Calculation of monthly average insolation on tilted surfaces

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/187830/1/1-s2.0-S2352484715000311-main.pdf

Performance evaluation of 10 MW grid connected solar photovoltaic power plant in India

Heteroatom doped graphene engineering for energy storage and conversion

Abstract In the past 10 years, ZnO as a semiconductor has attracted considerable attention due to its unique properties, such as high electron mobility, wide and direct band gap and large exciton binding energy. ZnO has been considered a promising material for optoelectronic device applications, and the fabrications of high quality p-type ZnO and p–n junction are the key steps to realize these applications. However, the reliable p-type doping of the material remains a major challenge because of the self-compensation from native donor defects (V O and Zn i ) and/or hydrogen incorporation. Considerable efforts have been made to obtain p-type ZnO by doping different elements with various techniques. Remarkable progresses have been achieved, both theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, we discuss p-type ZnO materials: theory, growth, properties and devices, comprehensively. We first discuss the native defects in ZnO. Among the native defects in ZnO, V Zn and O i act as acceptors. We then present the theory of p-type doping in ZnO, and summarize the growth techniques for p-type ZnO and the properties of p-type ZnO materials. Theoretically, the principles of selection of p-type dopant, codoping method and X Zn –2V Zn acceptor model are introduced. Experimentally, besides the intrinsic p-type ZnO grown at O-rich ambient, p-type ZnO (MgZnO) materials have been prepared by various techniques using Group-I, IV and V elements. We pay a special attention to the band gap of p-type ZnO by band-gap engineering and room temperature ferromagnetism observed in p-type ZnO. Finally, we summarize the devices based on p-type ZnO materials.

RaoP-Type ZnO Materials: Theory, Growth, Properties, and Devices

The solar photovoltaic (PV) system generates both electrical and thermal energy from solar radiation. In this paper, an attempt has been made for evaluating thermal, electrical and exergy output of solar PV panel installed at Energy Centre, NIT Bhopal. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy analysis was performed and exergy analysis was carried out to determine exergy losses during the PV conversion process by applying the second law of thermodynamics. The operating and electrical parameters of a PV array include PV module temperature, overall heat loss coefficient, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, etc. were experimentally determined for a typical hazy day of March (10 March 2012) at Bhopal. The experimental data are used for the calculation of the energy and exergy efficiencies of the PV systems. Energy efficiency is seen to vary between 6% and 9% during the day. In contrast, exergy efficiency is lower for electricity generation using the considered PV module, ranging from...

Energy and exergy analysis of 36 W solar photovoltaic module

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as a component of solar radiation plays a major role in different applications dealing with plant canopies, biomass production and microalgae growth. The amount of PAR energy depends upon location, time of the year and atmospheric conditions. Understanding the PAR and its availability is very essential for modelling biological growth system. The objective of this study is to estimate PAR for latitudes ranging from 9° to 34° and for the entire year based on hourly and monthly average of the daily global radiation (Hg). Based on the estimated data, a power regression model showing the relationship between PAR and Hg is presented for six Indian latitudes. The ratios of hourly sum of PAR to Hg and monthly average of hourly global radiations (Ig) vary smoothly with significant seasonal variations and are influenced by several other local climatic conditions. The power regression equation between PAR and Hg obtained are as follows: (a) For 9° latitude, PAR = 0.040 (Hg) 0.924 , R 2 = 0.970, (b) 14° latitude, PAR = 0.029 (Hg) 0.952 , R 2 = 0.894, (c) 19° latitude, PAR = 0.256 (Hg) 0.748 , R 2 = 0.721, (d) 24° latitude, PAR = 0.159 (Hg) 0.775 , R 2 = 0.896, (e) 29° latitude, PAR = 0.052 (Hg) 0.886 , R 2 = 0.830 and (f) 34° latitude, PAR = 0.016 (Hg) 1.013 , R 2 = 0.768.

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Tulika Srivastava

Papers

Energy and exergy analysis of 36 W solar photovoltaic module

Modelling and estimation of photosynthetically active incident radiation based on global irradiance in Indian latitudes

Reduction of O2– related defect states related to increased bandgap in Si4 + substituted ZnO

Urea and cow urine-based green approach to fabricate graphene-based transparent conductive films with high conductivity and transparency

Enhanced thermoelectric performance of n-type Bi2Te3 alloyed with low cost and highly abundant sulfur