Tyler B. Coplen

TL;DR: In this paper, the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isoto- ic Abundances recommended at the 37* General Assembly at Lisbon, Portugal that (i) 'H/H relative ratios of all substances be expressed relative to VSMOW (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) on a scale such that 2H/'H of SLAP (Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) is 0.572 times that of VPMW, (ii) 13C/'2C relative ratios for all substances was expressed relative with VPDB on a level such that

TL;DR: In this paper, the standard atomic weights of four elements have been revised based on recent determinations of isotopic abundances in natural terrestrial materials: cadmium to 112.414(4) from 112.411(8), molybdenum to 95.95(1) from 95.96(2), selenium to 78.971(8) from 78.96

TL;DR: In this article, oxygen isotope analyses of all substances can be expressed relative to VSMOW or VPDB (Vienna Peedee belemnite) on scales normalized such that the δ18O of SLAP is −55.5%.

TL;DR: The Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements (TICE) was updated in 2013 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Observations are inconsistent with the Milankovitch hypothesis for the origin of the Pleistocene glacial cycles but they are consistent with the thesis that these cycles originated from internal nonlinear feedbacks within the atmosphere-ice sheet-ocean system.