Flexible production of green hydrogen and ammonia from variable solar and wind energy: Case study of Chile and Argentina

Meetings of the Advisory Technical Committees of the International Electrotechnical Commission were held in Brussels March 27th to April 1st. The meetings were attended by delegates from eight national committees — Belgium, France, Great Britain, Holland, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. There were about 40 delegates in all.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5308791/5321388/05321395.pdf

The International Electrotechnical Commission

Scalable approaches for precisely manipulating the growth of crystals are of broad-based science and technological interest. New research interests have reemerged in a subgroup of these phenomena—electrochemical growth of metals in battery anodes. In this Review, the geometry of the building blocks and their mode of assembly are defined as key descriptors to categorize deposition morphologies. To control Zn electrodeposit morphology, we consider fundamental electrokinetic principles and the associated critical issues. It is found that the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on Zn has a similarly strong influence as for alkali metals at low current regimes, characterized by a moss-like morphology. Another key conclusion is that the unique crystal structure of Zn, featuring high anisotropy facets resulting from the hexagonal close-packed lattice with a c/a ratio of 1.85, imposes predominant influences on its growth. In our view, precisely regulating the SEI and the crystallographic features of the Zn offers exciting opportunities that will drive transformative progress.

Controlling electrochemical growth of metallic zinc electrodes: Toward affordable rechargeable energy storage systems.

Redox flow batteries based on quinone-bearing aqueous electrolytes have emerged as promising systems for energy storage from intermittent renewable sources. The lifetime of these batteries is limited by quinone stability. Here, we confirm that 2,6-dihydroxyanthrahydroquinone tends to form an anthrone intermediate that is vulnerable to subsequent irreversible dimerization. We demonstrate quantitatively that this decomposition pathway is responsible for the loss of battery capacity. Computational studies indicate that the driving force for anthrone formation is greater for anthraquinones with lower reduction potentials. We show that the decomposition can be substantially mitigated. We demonstrate that conditions minimizing anthrone formation and avoiding anthrone dimerization slow the capacity loss rate by over an order of magnitude. We anticipate that this mitigation strategy readily extends to other anthraquinone-based flow batteries and is thus an important step toward realizing renewable electricity sto...

Extending the Lifetime of Organic Flow Batteries via Redox State Management.

Wind energy research: State-of-the-art and future research directions

/pdf/2019-cost-of-wind-energy-review-4w443c35kf.pdf

2019 Cost of Wind Energy Review

/pdf/2017-cost-of-wind-energy-review-31h4bh1cpc.pdf

2017 Cost of Wind Energy Review

The potential for cost reduction and economic viability for offshore wind varies considerably within the United States. This analysis models the cost impact of a range of offshore wind locational cost variables across more than 7,000 potential coastal sites in the United States' offshore wind resource area. It also assesses the impact of over 50 technology innovations on potential future costs between 2015 and 2027 (Commercial Operation Date) for both fixed-bottom and floating wind systems. Comparing these costs to an initial assessment of local avoided generating costs, this analysis provides a framework for estimating the economic potential for offshore wind. Analyzing economic potential within this framework can help establish a refined understanding across industries of the technology and site-specific risks and opportunities associated with future offshore wind development. The findings from the original report indicate that under the modeled scenario, offshore wind can be expected to achieve significant cost reductions and may approach economic viability in some parts of the United States within the next 15 years.

/pdf/a-spatial-economic-cost-reduction-pathway-analysis-for-u-s-4l6svqfrm1.pdf

A Spatial-Economic Cost-Reduction Pathway Analysis for U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development from 2015–2030

This report uses representative commercial projects to estimate the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for both land-based and offshore wind plants in the United States for 2014. Scheduled to be published on an annual basis, the analysis relies on both market and modeled data to maintain an up-to-date understanding of wind generation cost trends and drivers. It is intended to provide insight into current component-level costs and a basis for understanding variability in the LCOE across the industry. Data and tools developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are used in this analysis to inform wind technology cost projections, goals, and improvement opportunities.

/pdf/2014-cost-of-wind-energy-review-257i5mcjpn.pdf

2014 Cost of Wind Energy Review

This presentation provides an overview of progress toward offshore wind cost reduction in Europe and implications for the U.S. market. The presentation covers an overview of offshore wind developments, economic and performance trends, empirical evidence of LCOE reduction, and challenges and opportunities in the U.S. market.

/pdf/2014-2015-offshore-wind-technologies-market-report-4y57eu8l8x.pdf

Tyler Stehly

Papers

2019 Cost of Wind Energy Review

2017 Cost of Wind Energy Review

A Spatial-Economic Cost-Reduction Pathway Analysis for U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development from 2015–2030

2014 Cost of Wind Energy Review

2014-2015 Offshore Wind Technologies Market Report