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The Precariat. The New Dangerous Class

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has deeply altered social and working environments in several ways. Social distancing policies, mandatory lockdowns, isolation periods, and anxiety of getting sick, along with the suspension of productive activity, loss of income, and fear of the future, jointly influence the mental health of citizens and workers. Workplace aspects can play a crucial role on moderating or worsening mental health of people facing this pandemic scenario. The purpose of this literature review is to deepen the psychological aspects linked to workplace factors, following the epidemic rise of COVID-19, in order to address upcoming psychological critical issues in the workplaces. We performed a literature search using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, selecting papers focusing on workers' psychological problems that can be related to the workplace during the pandemic. Thirty-five articles were included. Mental issues related to the health emergency, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep disorders are more likely to affect healthcare workers, especially those on the frontline, migrant workers, and workers in contact with the public. Job insecurity, long periods of isolation, and uncertainty of the future worsen the psychological condition, especially in younger people and in those with a higher educational background. Multiple organizational and work-related interventions can mitigate this scenario, such as the improvement of workplace infrastructures, the adoption of correct and shared anti-contagion measures, including regular personal protective equipment (PPE) supply, and the implementation of resilience training programs. This review sets the basis for a better understanding of the psychological conditions of workers during the pandemic, integrating individual and social perspectives, and providing insight into possible individual, social, and occupational approaches to this "psychological pandemic".

COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review.

This research examined changes in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation during the transition from junior to senior high school as well as the impact of motivational changes on various educational consequences (i.e., dropout intentions, absenteeism, homework frequency, and educational aspirations). A total of 646 participants completed a questionnaire in 8th, 9th, and 10th grade.Using the true intraindividual change modeling technique (R.Steyer, I.Partchev, & M.J.Shanahan, 2000), the authors reached results revealing that students’ intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation decreased gradually from 8th to 10th grade.Furthermore, less educational adjustment was observed for students experiencing a decline in external regulation during the transitional year and students experiencing a decline in intrinsic motivation and identified regulation during the year after the transition.

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Latent Motivational Change in an Academic Setting: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably impacted many people's lives. This study examined changes in subjective wellbeing between December 2019 and May 2020 and how stress appraisals and coping strategies relate to individual differences and changes in subjective wellbeing during the early stages of the pandemic. Data were collected at 4 time points from 979 individuals in Germany. Results showed that, on average, life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect did not change significantly between December 2019 and March 2020 but decreased between March and May 2020. Across the latter timespan, individual differences in life satisfaction were positively related to controllability appraisals, active coping, and positive reframing, and negatively related to threat and centrality appraisals and planning. Positive affect was positively related to challenge and controllable-by-self appraisals, active coping, using emotional support, and religion, and negatively related to threat appraisal and humor. Negative affect was positively related to threat and centrality appraisals, denial, substance use, and self-blame, and negatively related to controllability appraisals and emotional support. Contrary to expectations, the effects of stress appraisals and coping strategies on changes in subjective wellbeing were small and mostly nonsignificant. These findings imply that the COVID-19 pandemic represents not only a major medical and economic crisis, but also has a psychological dimension, as it can be associated with declines in key facets of people's subjective wellbeing. Psychological practitioners should address potential declines in subjective wellbeing with their clients and attempt to enhance clients' general capability to use functional stress appraisals and effective coping strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Individual differences and changes in subjective wellbeing during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class

Unemployment in the time of COVID-19: A research agenda.

Résumé : L’orientation scolaire et professionnelle est une question particulièrement importante aujourd’hui, en tant qu’elle détermine fortement les chances d’une insertion professionnelle réussie sur le marché du travail devenu de plus en plus difficile. Les familles l’ont d’ailleurs bien compris puisqu’elles s’intéressent, souvent avec inquiétude, à l’orientation de leur enfant. Aujourd’hui, la situation semble à cet égard préoccupante puisque le système de l’orientation, fortement contesté sur la place publique, révèle un certain nombre d’inégalités et de dysfonctionnements. On voit d’ailleurs se développer, en réponse à ces défaillances, un marché privé de l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle venant creuser les inégalités et accroître le discrédit du service public de l’Education. Tous s’accordent aujourd’hui sur la nécessité d’une réforme de fond afin de moderniser, d’optimiser et de rendre plus juste le système actuel mais là encore, les postures envisagées divergent.

L'orientation scolaire et professionnelle

En 1950, Erikson fut le premier a proposer une theorisation du concept d’identite dans le champ de la psychologie du developpement. Il etablit alors des distinctions entre « identite du moi » (ou ego identite), « identite personnelle » et « identite de groupe ». Ses considerations sur le developpement de l’identite tout au long de la vie, sur la multiplicite des « soi », sur les dimensions « ego-identitaires » de groupes font de lui l’un des precurseurs des analyses actuelles. Au milieu des annees 1960, Marcia prolongea l’un des aspects des analyses de Erikson relatives a l’adolescence (qu’Erikson definissait comme un moratoire psychosocial) en decrivant quatre statuts identitaires : la diffusion, la forclusion, le moratoire et l’identite accomplie. Recemment, un debat s’est instaure sur la nature de ces statuts : correspondent-ils a des stades de developpement ? Ces dernieres annees, un certain nombre de prolongements ont ete donnes aux travaux de Erikson et de Marcia, notamment, par Grotevant, Kerpelman, Kunnen et Bosma, Luycks et col. (Goossens, Soenens, Beyers, & Vansteenkiste), et Waterman.

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Valérie Cohen-Scali

Papers

Unemployment in the time of COVID-19: A research agenda.

L'orientation scolaire et professionnelle

L’identité : perspectives développementales

Decent work in France: Context, conceptualization, and assessment

Exploring changes during life and career design dialogues