Nowadays, electric vehicle usage and the use of LiFePO4 batteries in electric vehicles gradually increase. However, there are important features to be considered to use these batteries safely and efficiently. Incorrect use of these batteries can lead to burning, explosion or shortening of the life of batteries.
In this paper, a Battery Management System (BMS) for lithium based batteries is designed that operates more efficiently and communicates with UART between master and slave modules and can communicate via CAN protocol with external devices. Micro controller based control and protection equipment is designed that help to measure and monitor the voltage, temperature and current values of the batteries. They protect the battery cells from the conditions such as over charge, over discharge, high current, high temperature. BMS balances battery cell voltages during charging process with passive cell voltage balancing. In addition to the main controller module in the BMS, slave controller modules have been added to provide high resolution voltage and temperature tracking. A modular BMS has been devised which can be used in groups of batteries of different voltage values thanks to electrically isolated slave control modules.

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8541447/file/8541448.pdf

Design of master and slave modules on battery management system for electric vehicles

Energy saving power amplifier design methodologies are gaining increasing momentum in the exponential growth of wireless communications due to the demand of high data rates. The demand in high data rates bottlenecks linear transmission specifications for the power amplifier, thus mandates the device to drain more battery energy. In other words, the efficiency of the PA degrades significantly. The improvement in PA׳s overall efficiency is possible with the innovation of various circuit topology, which has paved the path to reduce the overall battery energy consumption. In this paper, these techniques are reviewed, explicitly. Also reviewed are recent reported works which attempts low voltage headroom implementation in complementing the reduction of battery energy consumption and design cost through the use of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process.

Energy saving power amplifier design methodologies for mobile wireless communications

This paper describes Analog-front-end (AFE) for lithium-ion battery management system. It includes the design of the differential clocked comparator which compares the cell voltage and the external reference voltage in the cell voltage domain to find if the cell voltage is within the safe operating range. This also includes PWM drive for the external fly-back dc-dc converter, the charge shuttling switches and control logic for active cell balancing of Lithium-ion battery cells in 0.35um high voltage (HV) CMOS technology. PWM drive circuit generates programmable frequency and programmable duty cycle to drive external low-side FET in the primary of the fly-back dc-dc converter. Secondary of the fly-back converter is connected to on-chip charge shuttling switches. Based on the differential comparators decision for the set target cell balance voltage, the digital finite state machine (FSM) generates control signal to charge individual cells in the battery sequentially. These circuits are part of lithium-ion battery cell balancer IC. The IC is designed to support cell voltage monitoring and cell balancing of a lithium-ion battery of seven cells.

Veereshbabu Vulligadala

Papers

Design of AFE and PWM Drive for Lithium-Ion Battery Management System for HEV/EV System