Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings.

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Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.

This study focuses on burnout and its positive antipode—engagement. A model is tested in which burnout and engagement have different predictors and different possible consequences. Structural equation modeling was used to simultaneously analyze data from four independent occupational samples (total N = 1698). Results confirm the hypothesized model indicating that: (1) burnout and engagement are negatively related, sharing between 10 per cent and 25 per cent of their variances; (2) burnout is mainly predicted by job demands but also by lack of job resources, whereas engagement is exclusively predicted by available job resources; (3) burnout is related to health problems as well as to turnover intention, whereas engagement is related only to the latter; (4) burnout mediates the relationship between job demands and health problems, whereas engagement mediates the relationship between job resources and turnover intention. The fact that burnout and engagement exhibit different patterns of possible causes and consequences implies that different intervention strategies should be used when burnout is to be reduced or engagement is to be enhanced. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study

This article reports on the development of a short questionnaire to measure work engagement—a positive work-related state of fulfillment that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. ...

The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study.

Purpose – Employee engagement has become a hot topic in recent years among consulting firms and in the popular business press. However, employee engagement has rarely been studied in the academic literature and relatively little is known about its antecedents and consequences. The purpose of this study was to test a model of the antecedents and consequences of job and organization engagements based on social exchange theory.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was completed by 102 employees working in a variety of jobs and organizations. The average age was 34 and 60 percent were female. Participants had been in their current job for an average of four years, in their organization an average of five years, and had on average 12 years of work experience. The survey included measures of job and organization engagement as well as the antecedents and consequences of engagement.Findings – Results indicate that there is a meaningful difference between job and organization engagements and that perceived organi...

Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement

The Social Psychology of Organizations.

Physical Self-Description Questionnaire--Spanish Version

Considering the motivational path of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this study investigates a multistep process by which contextual job resources might have an indirect effect on idea impl...

From Job Resources to Idea Implementation: A Moderated Sequential Mediation Model:

Withdrawal and burnout in health care: On the mediating role of lack of reciprocity

In this issue we publish an invited article on work engagement by Arnold B. Bakker, Simon L. Albrecht and Michael P. Leiter, and six commentaries written by leading researchers on the topic (Christ...

Introduction to the Special Section on Work Engagement

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Spanish Research Agency [PSI2013-47195-R]

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Vicente González-Romá

Papers

Physical Self-Description Questionnaire--Spanish Version

From Job Resources to Idea Implementation: A Moderated Sequential Mediation Model:

Withdrawal and burnout in health care: On the mediating role of lack of reciprocity

Introduction to the Special Section on Work Engagement

Social class and university graduates’ overqualification: testing two mediated relationships