Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings.

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Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.

This study focuses on burnout and its positive antipode—engagement. A model is tested in which burnout and engagement have different predictors and different possible consequences. Structural equation modeling was used to simultaneously analyze data from four independent occupational samples (total N = 1698). Results confirm the hypothesized model indicating that: (1) burnout and engagement are negatively related, sharing between 10 per cent and 25 per cent of their variances; (2) burnout is mainly predicted by job demands but also by lack of job resources, whereas engagement is exclusively predicted by available job resources; (3) burnout is related to health problems as well as to turnover intention, whereas engagement is related only to the latter; (4) burnout mediates the relationship between job demands and health problems, whereas engagement mediates the relationship between job resources and turnover intention. The fact that burnout and engagement exhibit different patterns of possible causes and consequences implies that different intervention strategies should be used when burnout is to be reduced or engagement is to be enhanced. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study

This article reports on the development of a short questionnaire to measure work engagement—a positive work-related state of fulfillment that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. ...

The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study.

Purpose – Employee engagement has become a hot topic in recent years among consulting firms and in the popular business press. However, employee engagement has rarely been studied in the academic literature and relatively little is known about its antecedents and consequences. The purpose of this study was to test a model of the antecedents and consequences of job and organization engagements based on social exchange theory.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was completed by 102 employees working in a variety of jobs and organizations. The average age was 34 and 60 percent were female. Participants had been in their current job for an average of four years, in their organization an average of five years, and had on average 12 years of work experience. The survey included measures of job and organization engagement as well as the antecedents and consequences of engagement.Findings – Results indicate that there is a meaningful difference between job and organization engagements and that perceived organi...

Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement

The Social Psychology of Organizations.

We examined whether the relationship between psychological climate and sickness absence is moderated by gender. We expected that this relationship would be stronger among men than among women. We tested this general hypothesis using two samples of men and women nurses (made up of 114 and 189 subjects, respectively). The results obtained supported our expectation. The three climate facets considered (support, goals orientation and rules orientation) showed a significant relationship with sickness absence in the men sample, but not in the women sample.

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Psychological climate, sickness absence and gender

We use simulated data to evaluate the adequacy of the Multiple-Group (MG) extension of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with Mean and Covariance Structure (MACS) mo del for the detectio n of differential item functioning (DIF) in po lytomous graded response items. Two factors are varied to generate the DIF conditions: type of DIF (u niform and non-u niform) and size of DIF (low, medium and high ). For each condition, 10 0 samples (N= 800) are generated according to th e Graded Response model. Ten items with 5-response categories are consid ered, and only on e item is man ipulated to show DIF. The data are analyzed by means of LISREL 8. Results show that th e DIF detection procedure analyzed reasonably maintained control of its Type I error under non-uniform DIF conditions, but showed some difficulties under uniform-DIF con dition s. With respect to power, the procedure was satisfactory for detecting med ium and h igh uniform DIF, and lacked power for detecting n on-un iform DIF.

Evaluating the Multiple-Group Mean and Covariance Structure Analysis model for the detection of Differential Item Functioning in polytomous ordered items

Cet article examine un modele causal concernant les causes et les consequences du conflit de role et de l'ambiguite chez des infirmieres et des medecins generalistes travaillant dans des equipes de soins primaires. Comme causes du stress de role le modele inclut l'autonomie dans le travail, la reaction des collegues, la standardisation des buts, la duree du travail, son poids excessif. Les effets hypothetiques du conflit de role et de l'ambiguite sont la tension dans le travail, la satisfaction dans le travail et la tentation de quitter l'equipe. Le modele causal hypothetique a ete etudie, avec le programme LISREL VII sur les donnees obtenues de 190 infirmieres et 206 medecins generalistes. La pertinence du modele s'est revelee satisfaisante pour les deux echantillons. Il exprime de facon adequate les liaisons observees dans chacun des echantillons. Cependant des differences ont ete mise en evidence par les niveaux de signification des estimations de quelques parametres.

Role stress antecedents and consequences in nurses and physicians working in primary health care teams: A causal model.

Funcionamiento de las categorias centrales Termino medio y A veces en escalas de respuesta graduada: ?es importante el anclaje verbal? En este estudio se evalua en que medida las categorias centrales Termino medio y A veces, explicitamente etiquetadas para reflejar una posicion intermedia respecto del resto de categorias de la escala, funcionan como se asume desde el sistema de puntuacion habitual en este tipo de escalas. El cumplimiento de los supuestos del sistema de puntuacion se evalua mediante el Modelo nominal de Bock en dos escalas con 5 alternativas de respuesta. Los resultados muestran que, si bien el orden de las categorias de respuesta se mantiene para todos los items, los umbrales entre las categorias de respuesta se desordenan para uno de los items con categoria central Termino medio. Los resultados son comparados con los obtenidos cuando las categorias centrales no estan explicitamente etiquetadas para reflejar una posicion central, como es el caso de las categorias No estoy seguro, Indeciso o?

The functioning of central categories Middle Level and Sometimes in graded response scales: Does the label matter?

In 2011 EJWOP received 281 regular submissions (that is, manuscripts not included in Special Issues or Sections). This figure represents a 14.2% increase over the number of regular submissions rece...

Vicente González-Romá

Papers

Psychological climate, sickness absence and gender

Evaluating the Multiple-Group Mean and Covariance Structure Analysis model for the detection of Differential Item Functioning in polytomous ordered items

Role stress antecedents and consequences in nurses and physicians working in primary health care teams: A causal model.

The functioning of central categories Middle Level and Sometimes in graded response scales: Does the label matter?

Editorial: On EJWOP's operation in 2011 and the new times that have just begun