다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

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Convex Analysisの二,三の進展について

Convergence of Probability Measures. By P. Billingsley. Chichester, Sussex, Wiley, 1968. xii, 253 p. 9 1/4“. 117s.

Convergence of Probability Measures

N G van Kampen 1981 Amsterdam: North-Holland xiv + 419 pp price Dfl 180 This is a book which, at a lower price, could be expected to become an essential part of the library of every physical scientist concerned with problems involving fluctuations and stochastic processes, as well as those who just enjoy a beautifully written book. It provides an extensive graduate-level introduction which is clear, cautious, interesting and readable.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/34/4/040/pdf

Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry

The author's preface gives an outline: "This book is about weakconvergence methods in metric spaces, with applications sufficient to show their power and utility. The Introduction motivates the definitions and indicates how the theory will yield solutions to problems arising outside it. Chapter 1 sets out the basic general theorems, which are then specialized in Chapter 2 to the space C[0, l ] of continuous functions on the unit interval and in Chapter 3 to the space D [0, 1 ] of functions with discontinuities of the first kind. The results of the first three chapters are used in Chapter 4 to derive a variety of limit theorems for dependent sequences of random variables. " The book develops and expands on Donsker's 1951 and 1952 papers on the invariance principle and empirical distributions. The basic random variables remain real-valued although, of course, measures on C[0, l ] and D[0, l ] are vitally used. Within this framework, there are various possibilities for a different and apparently better treatment of the material. More of the general theory of weak convergence of probabilities on separable metric spaces would be useful. Metrizability of the convergence is not brought up until late in the Appendix. The close relation of the Prokhorov metric and a metric for convergence in probability is (hence) not mentioned (see V. Strassen, Ann. Math. Statist. 36 (1965), 423-439; the reviewer, ibid. 39 (1968), 1563-1572). This relation would illuminate and organize such results as Theorems 4.1, 4.2 and 4.4 which give isolated, ad hoc connections between weak convergence of measures and nearness in probability. In the middle of p. 16, it should be noted that C*(S) consists of signed measures which need only be finitely additive if 5 is not compact. On p. 239, where the author twice speaks of separable subsets having nonmeasurable cardinal, he means "discrete" rather than "separable." Theorem 1.4 is Ulam's theorem that a Borel probability on a complete separable metric space is tight. Theorem 1 of Appendix 3 weakens completeness to topological completeness. After mentioning that probabilities on the rationals are tight, the author says it is an

Convergence of probability measures

Within the abstract framework of dynamical system theory we describe a general approach to the transient (or Evans–Searles) and steady state (or Gallavotti–Cohen) fluctuation theorems of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Our main objective is to display the minimal, model independent mathematical structure at work behind fluctuation theorems. In addition to its conceptual simplicity, another advantage of our approach is its natural extension to quantum statistical mechanics which will be presented in a companion paper. We shall discuss several examples including thermostated systems, open Hamiltonian systems, chaotic homeomorphisms of compact metric spaces and Anosov diffeomorphisms.

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Entropic fluctuations in statistical mechanics: I. Classical dynamical systems

These notes provide an introduction to the spectral theory of the Friedrichs model. This model is used in quantum physics to describe the coupling of a discrete set of energy levels to a continuum of states. We restrict ourselves to the simplest possible case of a single energy level coupled to a continuum, the so-called Wigner-Weisskopf atom. We discuss both, perturbative and non-perturbative aspects. We also consider the fermionic second quantization of this model and discuss its nonequilibrium thermodynamics: steady states, steady currents and entropy production.

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Mathematical Theory of the Wigner-Weisskopf Atom

We study a class of finite dimensional quantum dynamical semigroups $\{\mathrm {e}^{t\mathcal{L}}\}_{t\geq0}$
 whose generators $\mathcal{L}$
 are sums of Lindbladians satisfying the detailed balance condition. Such semigroups arise in the weak coupling (van Hove) limit of Hamiltonian dynamical systems describing open quantum systems out of equilibrium. We prove a general entropic fluctuation theorem for this class of semigroups by relating the cumulant generating function of entropy transport to the spectrum of a family of deformations of the generator ${\mathcal{L}}$
 . We show that, besides the celebrated Evans-Searles symmetry, this cumulant generating function also satisfies the translation symmetry recently discovered by Andrieux et al., and that in the linear regime near equilibrium these two symmetries yield Kubo’s and Onsager’s linear response relations.

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Entropic Fluctuations of Quantum Dynamical Semigroups

We study a class of finite dimensional quantum dynamical semigroups exp(tL) whose generators L are sums of Lindbladians satisfying the detailed balance condition. Such semigroup arise in the weak coupling (van Hove) limit of Hamiltonian dynamical systems describing open quantum systems out of equilibrium. We prove a general entropic fluctuation theorem for this class of semigroups by relating the cumulant generating function of entropy transport to the spectrum of a family of deformations of the generator L. We show that, besides the celebrated Evans-Searles symmetry, this cumulant generating function also satisfies the translation symmetry recently discovered by Andrieux et al., and that in the linear regime near equilibrium these two symmetries yield Kubo's and Onsager's linear response relations.

Entropic fluctuations of quantum dynamical semigroups

We study self-adjoint operators of the form Hω=H0+∑ω(n)(δn|·)δn, where the δn's are a family of orthonormal vectors and the ω(n)'s are independent random variables with absolutely continuous probability distributions. We prove a general structural theorem that provides in this setting a natural decomposition of the Hilbert space as a direct sum of mutually orthogonal closed subspaces, which are a.s. invariant under Hω, and that is helpful for the spectral analysis of such operators. We then use this decomposition to prove that the singular spectrum of Hω is a.s. simple

Vojkan Jaksic

Papers

Entropic fluctuations in statistical mechanics: I. Classical dynamical systems

Mathematical Theory of the Wigner-Weisskopf Atom

Entropic Fluctuations of Quantum Dynamical Semigroups

Entropic fluctuations of quantum dynamical semigroups

Simplicity of singular spectrum in Anderson-type Hamiltonians