There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

In this review, we highlight the use of organic photoredox catalysts in a myriad of synthetic transformations with a range of applications. This overview is arranged by catalyst class where the photophysics and electrochemical characteristics of each is discussed to underscore the differences and advantages to each type of single electron redox agent. We highlight both net reductive and oxidative as well as redox neutral transformations that can be accomplished using purely organic photoredox-active catalysts. An overview of the basic photophysics and electron transfer theory is presented in order to provide a comprehensive guide for employing this class of catalysts in photoredox manifolds.

Organic Photoredox Catalysis

介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例

A flow-focusing geometry is integrated into a microfluidic device and used to study drop formation in liquid–liquid systems. A phase diagram illustrating the drop size as a function of flow rates and flow rate ratios of the two liquids includes one regime where drop size is comparable to orifice width and a second regime where drop size is dictated by the diameter of a thin “focused” thread, so drops much smaller than the orifice are formed. Both monodisperse and polydisperse emulsions can be produced.

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Formation of dispersions using “flow focusing” in microchannels

Process intensification using a microwave heated micro plant in the Ullmann type C-O coupling for production scale operation

Introduction Chemical nitrogen fixation reactions have large industrial importance. Fixed nitrogen is used in many different forms ranging from nitric acid to hydrogen cyanide and used as such for largescale industrial application (e.g. fertilizer, plastic manufacturing, etc.). The reactions to produce these products are highly endothermic and favored by high-temperature processing. The most simple and basic route of chemically fixing nitrogen is the direct reaction of nitrogen and oxygen. However, the major challenge to do so is to supply very high dissociation energy for nitrogen (7.4 eV). Use of COMSOL Multiphysics® The main objective of this project is to develop an energy efficient chemical nitrogen fixation process for nitric oxide synthesis by using catalyst in assistance with plasma, aiming to achieve a process on industrial scale. COMSOL Multiphysics® and Plasma Module will be used to simulate and to understand the plasma NO synthesis reaction and transport phenomena inside plasma reactor to obtain the temperature distribution, electron density and mean electron energy distribution. These results will be used to understand the optimal placement of the catalyst and to develop the holistic process design for plasma nitrogen fixation process [1,2]. Reference [1] Hessel, V., Cravotto, G., Fitzpatrick, P., Patil, B., Lang, J. & Bonrath, W. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, doi:10.1016/j.cep.2013.02.002 (2013). [2] Hessel, V., Anastasopoulou, A., Wang, Q., Kolb, G.A. & Lang, J. Catalysis Today, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.04.005, (2013). Figures used in the abstract Figure 1: Electron temperature distribution Figure 2: Mass fraction distribution

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Modeling and simulation of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor for nitrogen fixation reactions

This book is a reprint of the special issue that appeared in the online open access journal Processes (ISSN 2227-9717) in 2013 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes/special_issues/smart-scaled_flow_processes).

Volker Hessel

Papers

Process intensification using a microwave heated micro plant in the Ullmann type C-O coupling for production scale operation

Modeling and simulation of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor for nitrogen fixation reactions

Design and engineering of microreactor and smart-scaled flow processes

Accelerated trifluoromethylations by means of visible light photoredox catalysis in microflow

The challenge to embrace “Green”: from da Vinci to “Holistic and Systemic”