W. King Engel

TL;DR: The results support the suggestion that the cerebellum specifically helps maintain eccentric gaze; produces smooth pursuit eye movements; and modulates the amplitude of saccadic eye movements.

TL;DR: A neural network was hypothesized that made saccades by driving the eyes to an orbital position rather than preprogramming a distance for movement, and computer simulation of this model produced both realistically appearing normal saccade and, when appropriately "lesioned" to simulate a loss of saccadic "burst" neurons in the pontine reticular formation, slow saccading that could be modified in flight.

TL;DR: The described morphologic abnormalities, in combination with idiopathic progressive ophthalmoplegia, may represent a distinct clinicopathologic syndrome, "oculocraniosomatic neuromuscular disease with ragged-red fibers," which usually includes elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels and sometimes cardiac conduction abnormalities.

TL;DR: The striking tissue specificity of the muscle mtDNA mutations detected here and their mapping at critical sites for mtDNA replication strongly point to the involvement of a specific mutagenic machinery and to the functional relevance of these mutations.

TL;DR: This report summarizes the current analytical techniques and conceptualizations, illustrated by examples from the present and previous investigations, and investigates whether there is selective or nonselective involvement of muscle fiber types in each human and animal condition studied.