Ginger is a remedy known to possess a number of pharmacological properties. This study investigated efficacy of ginger pretreatment in alleviating acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into six groups; negative control, acetaminophen (APAP) (600 mg/kg single intraperitoneal injection); vitamin E (75 mg/kg), ginger (100 mg/kg), vitamin E + APAP, and ginger + APAP. Administration of APAP elicited significant liver injury that was manifested by remarkable increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), arginase activities, and total bilirubin concentration. Meanwhile, APAP significantly decreased plasma total proteins and albumin levels. APAP administration resulted in substantial increase in each of plasma triacylglycerols (TAGs), malondialdhyde (MDA) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). However, ginger or vitamin E treatment prior to APAP showed significant hepatoprotective effect by lowering the hepatic marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and arginase) and total bilirubin in plasma. In addition, they remarkably ameliorated the APAP-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation (MDA). Pretreatment by ginger or vitamin E significantly restored TAGs, and total protein levels. Histopathological examination of APAP treated rats showed alterations in normal hepatic histoarchitecture, with necrosis and vacuolization of cells. These alterations were substantially decreased by ginger or vitamin E. Our results demonstrated that ginger can prevent hepatic injuries, alleviating oxidative stress in a manner comparable to that of vitamin E. Combination therapy of ginger and APAP is recommended especially in cases with hepatic disorders or when high doses of APAP are required.

Hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and ameliorative effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and vitamin E in acetaminophen treated rats.

Background: Bioactive food components are nonessential biomolecules, which help to give beneficial effects to human being against several diseases Natural bioactive food components derived from plants and animals, such as phytosterols, carotenoids, polyphenols and fatty acids, have been proposed as valuable substitutions for anticipation and management of hepatotoxic effects and its chronic complications based on in vitro and in vivo studiesObjectives of the study: To summarize drugs and chemical-induced hepatotoxicity and review how various bioactive food components attenuate the hepatotoxicity via cellular mechanismsResults: Remarkable studies demonstrated that the health promoting effects of bioactive components originated from plants have been frequently attributed to their antioxidant properties and facilitate to increase cellular antioxidant defense system and thereby scavenge free radicals, inhibit lipid peroxidation, augment anti-inflammatory potential, and further protect the liver fro

A critical review on hepatoprotective effects of bioactive food components

Acute toxicity of mixture of acetaminophen and ibuprofen to Green Neon Shrimp, Neocaridina denticulate.

According to the World Health Organization, chronic liver disease is a major ailment and causes significant morbidity and mortality in both western and developing countries. However, till date no ideal hepatoprotective agents are available in the modern system of medicine to effective prevent and cure liver ailments. This has necessitated the need to depend on complementary and alternative systems of medicine for liver ailments and diseases. Zingiber officinale Roscoe commonly known as ginger is arguably one of the most commonly used spice, and is an integral part of our diet. In addition to its dietary use, ginger is also reported to possess myriad health benefits, and has been used in the various traditional and folk systems of medicine to treat various ailments and illnesses. Preclinical studies carried out in the past decade have shown that ginger possesses hepatoprotective effects, and to protect against diverse xenobiotic compounds like alcohol, acetaminophen, fungicides, tetracycline, heavy metals and organophosphorus compounds. Mechanistic studies have shown that the protective actions are mediated through free radical scavenging, antioxidant, cytoprotective, and to modulate the levels of the detoxifying enzymes. This review for the first time summarizes the results related to the beneficial properties of ginger in ameliorating the toxic effects of hepatotoxins, and also emphasizes the aspects that warrant future research to establish its activity and utility as a broad spectrum hepatoprotective agent.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/ginger-protects-the-liver-against-the-toxic-effects-of-xenobiotic-compounds-preclinical-observations-2155-9600.1000226.pdf

Ginger Protects the Liver against the Toxic Effects of XenobioticCompounds: Preclinical Observations

The present study aimed to assess the hepatocellular protective activity of the co- administration of curcumin fortified by ginger against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Five groups were included: control, CCl4, CCl4 treated with curcumin, CCl4 treated with ginger and CCl4 treated with curcumin and ginger. Liver fibrosis was evidenced by significant increase in liver hydroxyproline, the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipid peroxidation, increased activities of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Liver enzymes, oxidative status and histological examinations revealed that co-administration of curcumin and ginger significantly arrested progression of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4. Elevated activities of serum (AST), (ALT) and (ALP) by CCl4 intoxication were synergistically reduced, while the levels of total protein and albumin were normalized. In addition, the altered levels of malondialdhyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hydroxyproline in liver tissues of CCl4 hepatotoxied rats were normalized by the oral co-administration of curcumin and ginger. Also, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and catalase (CAT) activity elevated by CCl4 intoxication, were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in liver tissues mainly in the combined treated group. Histological examinations showed that the combined administration of curcumin and ginger returned collagen fiber distribution to almost normal pattern. In conclusion, combined oral administration of both curcumin and ginger are potentially effective in the protection of hepatic fibrosis on the experimental level.

The synergistic hepatoprotective effect of curcumin and ginger against carbon tetrachloride induced- liver fibrosis in rats

The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of ginger aqueous infusion on the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Different groups (1, 2, 3) of rats were given ginger in three doses (100,200 and 400 mg /kg at 12 hours intervals for 48 hours prior to single paracetamol dose (640 mg /kg ), group 4 rats were given silymarin (25mg/kg ) as reference hepatoprotective drug, group 5 rats were given paracetamol alone(positive control group),group 6 rats were given distilled water(negative control group ). Blood was collected from all teated groups for determination of liver enzymes:- alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin after that rat were sacrificed and the livers were excised for the histopathological study in which the examination of liver tissue for rat treated with paracetamol and extract at dose of 200,400 mg/kg and also with silymarin revealed normal hepatic architecture than liver for rats treated with extract at a dose 100 mg. In vitro bioassay on primary culture of rat hepatocytes monolayer revealed that the LC50 of ginger extract was at 750μg/ml while the hepatoprotective activity of the extract concentration at which extracts exhibit a hepatoprotective activity was of (15 μg/ml).

/pdf/study-of-the-hepatoprotective-effect-of-ginger-aqueous-3fi0nu50nb.pdf

Wael H.Sayed

Papers

Study of the hepatoprotective effect of ginger aqueous infusion in rats