Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are one-pot reactions employing more than two starting materials, e.g. 3, 4, … 7, where most of the atoms of the starting materials are incorporated in the final product.1 Several descriptive tags are regularly attached to MCRs (Fig. 1): they are atom economic, e.g. the majority if not all of the atoms of the starting materials are incorporated in the product; they are efficient, e.g. they efficiently yield the product since the product is formed in one-step instead of multiple sequential steps; they are convergent, e.g. several starting materials combine in one reaction to form the product; they exhibit a very high bond-forming-index (BFI), e.g. several non-hydrogen atom bonds are formed in one synthetic transformation.2 Therefore MCRs are often a useful alternative to sequential multistep synthesis.






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Figure 1


Above: multistep syntheses can be divergent (sequential) or convergent; below: in analogy MCR reactions are convergent and one or two component reactions are divergent or less convergent.

Chemistry and Biology Of Multicomponent Reactions

The applications of copper (Cu) and Cu-based nanoparticles, which are based on the earth-abundant and inexpensive copper metal, have generated a great deal of interest in recent years, especially in the field of catalysis. The possible modification of the chemical and physical properties of these nanoparticles using different synthetic strategies and conditions and/or via postsynthetic chemical treatments has been largely responsible for the rapid growth of interest in these nanomaterials and their applications in catalysis. In addition, the design and development of novel support and/or multimetallic systems (e.g., alloys, etc.) has also made significant contributions to the field. In this comprehensive review, we report different synthetic approaches to Cu and Cu-based nanoparticles (metallic copper, copper oxides, and hybrid copper nanostructures) and copper nanoparticles immobilized into or supported on various support materials (SiO2, magnetic support materials, etc.), along with their applications i...

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00482

Cu and Cu-Based Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis.

PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) is a popular chemical information resource that serves the scientific community as well as the general public, with millions of unique users per month. In the past two years, PubChem made substantial improvements. Data from more than 100 new data sources were added to PubChem, including chemical-literature links from Thieme Chemistry, chemical and physical property links from SpringerMaterials, and patent links from the World Intellectual Properties Organization (WIPO). PubChem's homepage and individual record pages were updated to help users find desired information faster. This update involved a data model change for the data objects used by these pages as well as by programmatic users. Several new services were introduced, including the PubChem Periodic Table and Element pages, Pathway pages, and Knowledge panels. Additionally, in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, PubChem created a special data collection that contains PubChem data related to COVID-19 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

/pdf/pubchem-in-2021-new-data-content-and-improved-web-interfaces-1cbjezc4wh.pdf

PubChem in 2021: new data content and improved web interfaces.

Isatins As Privileged Molecules in Design and Synthesis of Spiro-Fused Cyclic Frameworks

The MDM2 and MDMX (also known as HDMX and MDM4) proteins are deregulated in many human cancers and exert their oncogenic activity predominantly by inhibiting the p53 tumour suppressor. However, the MDM proteins modulate and respond to many other signalling networks in which they are embedded. Recent mechanistic studies and animal models have demonstrated how functional interactions in these networks are crucial for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis, and for determining responses to oncogenic and therapeutic challenges. This Review highlights the progress made and pitfalls encountered as the field continues to search for MDM-targeted antitumour agents.

/pdf/mdm2-mdmx-and-p53-in-oncogenesis-and-cancer-therapy-fq03b3bj72.pdf

MDM2, MDMX and p53 in oncogenesis and cancer therapy.

Crystals of cone-di-formyl-calix[4]arene (16), 1,3-alt-di-O-benzoyl-di-formyl-calix[4]arene (17), 1,3-alt-tetra-O-n-propyl-tetra-formyl-calix[4]arene (18), 1,3-alt-tetra-O-i-propyl-di-formyl-calix[4]arene (19), 1,3-alt-tetra-O-i-propyl-tri-formyl-calix[4]arene (20), 1,3-alt-tetra-O-i-propyl-tetra-cyano-calix[4]arene (21), and pc-A,B-di-O-i-propyl-tetra-formyl-calix[4]arene·1/2CH2Cl2 (22·1/2CH2Cl2) obtained in crystallisation solvent chloroform–hexane have been studied. These crystals form different architectures through some weak intermolecular forces, such as C–H⋯O, C–H⋯π, O⋯π and π⋯π interactions. Compounds 16–18 form classic ‘head-to-head’ dimer or ‘head-to-tail’ dimer motifs by C-H⋯O interactions, while compound 22 forms an ‘up-down’ dimer structure via C–H⋯π interactions. Compounds 19–21 adopting a 1,3-alt conformation are closely packed together by weak intermolecular interactions. The results indicate that weak intermolecular interactions can determine the assembly pathways of calix[4]arene derivatives.

Weak intermolecular interaction directed assembly of calix[4]arene derivatives

Polycyclic Indole Alkaloid‐Type Compounds by MCR.

To compare the efficacy and safety of follitropin delta in its individualized fixed-dose regimen with follitropin alfa in a conventional adjustable dosing regimen in Chinese women. METHODS: This was a subgroup analysis of the randomized, multi-center, assessor-blind, non-inferiority trial (GRAPE) including 759 Chinese women (aged 20-40 years) recruited in 16 reproductive medicine clinics in China. Women were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to be treated with either follitropin delta dose based on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and body weight or conventional dosing with follitropin alfa following a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. The primary outcome was ongoing pregnancy rate assessed 10-11 weeks after embryo transfer in the fresh cycle (non-inferiority margin -10.0%).378 in the follitropin delta group and 381 in the follitropin alfa group were randomized and exposed. Non-inferiority was confirmed with respect to ongoing pregnancy with rates of 31.0% vs. 25.7% for follitropin delta compared to follitropin alfa, estimated mean difference of 5.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.3% to 11.5%). The clinical pregnancy rate (35.4% vs. 31.5%, P = 0.239) and live birth rate (31.0% vs. 25.5%, P = 0.101) were comparable between the follitropin delta group and the follitropin alfa group. Overall, the individualized follitropin delta treatment resulted in fewer oocytes retrieved compared to follitropin alfa treatment (10.3 ± 6.2 vs. 12.5 ± 7.5, P < 0.001), which was mainly due to fewer oocytes (10.5 ± 6.4 vs. 13.9 ± 7.8) in women with AMH ≥ 15 pmol/L. Accordingly there was a lower incidence of early ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS) and/or preventive interventions (6.1% vs. 11.0%, P = 0.013). A daily follitropin delta dose of 10.2 µg (95% CI: 9.3-11.2 µg) was estimated to provide the same number of oocytes retrieved as a starting dose of 150 IU/d of follitropin alfa.Follitropin delta in its individualized fixed-dose regimen showed similar efficacy and improved safety compared with follitropin alfa in a conventional adjustable dosing regimen in Chinese women.NCT03296527. 

/pdf/comparative-clinical-outcome-following-individualized-2i6wnh7v.pdf

Comparative clinical outcome following individualized follitropin delta dosing in Chinese women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization /intracytoplasmic sperm injection

A practical and scalable route for the synthesis of 1,1′-dideoxygossypol from natural polyphenol product gossypol is described. The key step is the successful regioselective deacetylation of hexaacetyl apogossypol 9 and the following reductive removal of hydroxyl groups. The two steps of deacetylation occurred on the different sites under different conditions. The synthetic route follows a simple protection–deprotection strategy, and the yields of each step are over 85%. The total yield of this 9-step synthesis is over 40%, which is much better than the reported total synthesis method. The antitumor results illustrate that 1,1′-hydroxyl groups are not necessary for antitumor activities. In addition, 1,1′-dideoxygossypol has superior aqueous solubility (215 mg/L) compared to gossypol (64 mg/L).

Practical Strategy to 1,1′-Dideoxygossypol Derivatives from Gossypol and Its Antitumor Activities

(3 + 2) Annulation of Amidinothioureas with Binucleophile: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 3-Phenylamino-5-aryl/alkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole Derivatives.

Wei Wang

Papers

Weak intermolecular interaction directed assembly of calix[4]arene derivatives

Polycyclic Indole Alkaloid‐Type Compounds by MCR.

Comparative clinical outcome following individualized follitropin delta dosing in Chinese women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization /intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Practical Strategy to 1,1′-Dideoxygossypol Derivatives from Gossypol and Its Antitumor Activities

(3 + 2) Annulation of Amidinothioureas with Binucleophile: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 3-Phenylamino-5-aryl/alkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole Derivatives.