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Low-Bandgap Near-IR Conjugated Polymers/Molecules for Organic Electronics

Advances in the design and application of highly efficient conjugated polymers and small molecules over the past years have enabled the rapid progress in the development of organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology as a promising alternative to conventional solar cells. Among the numerous OPV materials, benzodithiophene (BDT)-based polymers and small molecules have come to the fore in achieving outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) and breaking 10% efficiency barrier in the single junction OPV devices. Remarkably, the OPV device featured by BDT-based polymer has recently demonstrated an impressive PCE of 11.21%, indicating the great potential of this class of materials in commercial photovoltaic applications. In this review, we offered an overview of the organic photovoltaic materials based on BDT from the aspects of backbones, functional groups, alkyl chains, and device performance, trying to provide a guideline about the structure-performance relationship. We believe more exciting BDT-based photovol...

Molecular Design of Benzodithiophene-Based Organic Photovoltaic Materials.

Xugang Guo,*,† Antonio Facchetti,*,‡,§ and Tobin J. Marks*,‡ †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China ‡Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States

Imide- and Amide-Functionalized Polymer Semiconductors

Low bandgap n-type organic semiconductor (n-OS) ITIC has attracted great attention for the application as an acceptor with medium bandgap p-type conjugated polymer as donor in nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) because of its attractive photovoltaic performance. Here we report a modification on the molecular structure of ITIC by side-chain isomerization with meta-alkyl-phenyl substitution, m-ITIC, to further improve its photovoltaic performance. In a comparison with its isomeric counterpart ITIC with para-alkyl-phenyl substitution, m-ITIC shows a higher film absorption coefficient, a larger crystalline coherence, and higher electron mobility. These inherent advantages of m-ITIC resulted in a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.77% for the nonfullerene PSCs with m-ITIC as acceptor and a medium bandgap polymer J61 as donor, which is significantly improved over that (10.57%) of the corresponding devices with ITIC as acceptor. To the best of our knowledge, the PCE of 11.77% is one of the highe...

Side-Chain Isomerization on an n-type Organic Semiconductor ITIC Acceptor Makes 11.77% High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells

The invention provides an organic solar energy cell, wherein a big-size continuous p-type organic semiconductor polycrystalline film grows and forms on the smooth surface of a conducting substrate and is used as an inducing layer; with the adoption of weak extension effect between lattices of different molecular crystals, a p-type organic semiconductor layer grows on the surface of the inducing layer, based on which the organic solar energy cell is prepared. The invention overcomes the defects of the traditional method that the high-temperature deposition increases the coarseness of film and generates pinholes resulting in the short circuit of devices, thereby greatly improving the performance of devices and energy conversion efficiency to 2.31 percent to 4.51 percent. The OVPD method utilizes a carrier gas to transport nanocrystal molecules which then directly deposit on a lower temperature electrode to form nanocrystal. The invention adopts a vacuum deposition method which needs no carrier gas.

Organic solar energy cell

The fluorination/sulfofication-induced effect in the photovoltaic polymer solar cells (PSCs) needs to be paid much attention. In this work, a new donor polymer PBDB-PS2F was synthesized by heavily fluorinated and decorated S atom on the side chain of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) unit to explore the internal combined effect of F&S on the photoelectric performance. It was found that the heavy fluorination on the side chain could make PBDB-PS2F achieve a low highest occupied molecule orbital (HOMO) energy level of -5.72 eV and weaken the torsion of the main chain and effectively increase the intermolecular π-π* transition. Encouragingly, compared with the counterpart polymer PBDB-PS without the fluorination, PBDB-PS2F exhibited a much intense aggregation at room temperature but showed a tendency of reduced aggregation at high temperatures. This feature gives excellent solution processability and uniform morphology in the active layer of a PBDB-PS2F-based device, enabling an outstanding photovoltaic performance with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.56% (VOC = 0.90 V, JSC = 21.53 mA/cm2, FF = 69.68%). Compared with that of the counterpart polymer PBDB-PS with no heavy fluorination, the VOC of PBDB-PS2F increased by 15.4% and the PCE increased by 30.9%. Thus, the heavy-fluorination-induced effect to construct photovoltaic polymers could be used to improve the performance of polymer solar cells.

Aggregation Tuning with Heavily Fluorinated Donor Polymer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells.

The optimal design of high wear-resistance and durability of coatings using organic–inorganic interpenetrating networks has been a long-term goal of researchers. Although some progress has been made in the modification of waterborne polyurethanes (WPU), there are still significant challenges in fabricating more durable polyurethane-based protective coatings from the perspective of structural design at a molecular level. Here, a sub-nanoscaled (<1 nm) inorganic calcium phosphate oligomer (CPO) is used to carry out organic–inorganic hybrid cross-linking in a WPU network and precisely regulate the structure of the macromolecular network at the molecular level. The herein-produced CPO-WPU hybrid coating shows excellent wear resistance and water resistance. Taber abrasion tests demonstrate that the CPO-WPU coating can be capable of 15 500 turns at a load of 750 g, 2.2 times that of pure WPU coating, and the water-resistance of CPO-WPU coating is significantly improved compared with WPU coating due to its well-integrated organic–inorganic network. Overall, the CPO-WPU coating material significantly improves the mechanical strength, wear-resistance, and water-resistance, compared with the original WPU coating and other modified polyurethane. This hybrid coating can provide a potential application in paper-making, textiles, and furniture due to its unique organic–inorganic network, low cost, and green process. 

Tough and strong waterborne polyurethane network combined with sub‐nanoscaled calcium phosphate oligomers for protective coating

High performance lead phthalocyanine films and its effect on the field-effect transistors

The efficiency of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) based organic solar cells was enhanced by using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) as a processing additive to control the blend morphology. The addition of TCB improved the arrangement of P3HT which resulted in good phase separated blend films. Correspondingly, the optimized solar cells showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.17% with a fill factor (FF) of 0.69, which were higher than those of common thermal annealing devices (PCE 3.84%, FF 0.67). The efficiency was further improved to 4.74% by thermal annealing at 150 °C for 10 min with a higher FF of 0.74.

Weichao Chen

Papers

Organic solar energy cell

Aggregation Tuning with Heavily Fluorinated Donor Polymer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells.

Tough and strong waterborne polyurethane network combined with sub‐nanoscaled calcium phosphate oligomers for protective coating

High performance lead phthalocyanine films and its effect on the field-effect transistors

Efficient P3HT:PC61BM solar cells employing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the processing additives