High-resolution studies of North Atlantic deep sea cores demonstrate that prominent increases in iceberg calving recurred at intervals of 2000 to 3000 years, much more frequently than the 7000-to 10,000-year pacing of massive ice discharges associated with Heinrich events. The calving cycles correlate with warm-cold oscillations, called Dansgaard-Oeschger events, in Greenland ice cores. Each cycle records synchronous discharges of ice from different sources, and the cycles are decoupled from sea-surface temperatures. These findings point to a mechanism operating within the atmosphere that caused rapid oscillations in air temperatures above Greenland and in calving from more than one ice sheet.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/267/5200/1005.full.pdf

Iceberg discharges into the north atlantic on millennial time scales during the last glaciation.

Reactions on mineral dust.

Five large rivers that discharge on the western North Atlantic continental shelf carry about 45% of the nitrogen (N) and 70% of the phosphorus (P) that others estimate to be the total flux of these elements from the entire North Atlantic watershed, including North, Central and South America, Europe, and Northwest Africa. We estimate that 61 · 109 moles y-1 of N and 20 · 109 moles y-1 of P from the large rivers are buried with sediments in their deltas, and that an equal amount of N and P from the large rivers is lost to the shelf through burial of river sediments that are deposited directly on the continental slope. The effective transport of active N and P from land to the shelf through the very large rivers is thus reduced to 292 · 109 moles y-1 of N and 13 · 109 moles y-1 of P.

The fate of nitrogen and phosphorus at the land-sea margin of the North Atlantic Ocean

http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub1781.pdf

Relationships between mineral surfaces and organic carbon concentrations in soils and sediments

Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocean sediments

Nd and Sr isotopic characteristics of Chinese deserts: Implications for the provenances of Asian dust

Asian monsoon oscillations in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau since the late glacial as interpreted from visible reflectance of Qinghai Lake sediments

William Balsam

Papers

Nd and Sr isotopic characteristics of Chinese deserts: Implications for the provenances of Asian dust

Asian monsoon oscillations in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau since the late glacial as interpreted from visible reflectance of Qinghai Lake sediments

Visible spectroscopy; a rapid method for determining hematite and goethite concentration in geological materials

Climatic interpretation of the Luochuan and Lingtai loess sections, China, based on changing iron oxide mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility

Visible Spectroscopy--A Rapid Method for Determining Hematite and Goethite Concentration in Geological Materials: RESEARCH METHOD PAPER