William F. West

TL;DR: This paper examined the role of public notice and comment in the development of 42 rules and found that the effects of public notices and comments in promoting bureaucratic responsiveness are limited in ways that have received little systematic analysis, and that the tension between the instrumental goal of procedural accountability and the political tasks that often dominate bureaucratic policy making suggests that it is desirable to return to the original use of notice and comments as a device for exposing agencies to the views of affected interests.

TL;DR: The need to develop specific proposals as a basis for formal participation ensures the most important policy decisions in rulemaking are often made before notice and comment requirements come to be as mentioned in this paper, which is often the case in many cases.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors encourage public administration professionals to participate in progressive social change by advocating progressive values to counter the regressive values currently dominant in American society, and discuss specific actions practitioners, scholars, and teachers can take to build awareness and use of progressive values.

TL;DR: A brief overview and evaluation of research on the administrative and political issues surrounding rulemaking can be found in this article, where the authors identify the central issues that define the analysis rulemaking, as well as issues that deserve more attention than they have received.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined an original data set of 276 rules as an initial effort to fill this void and found that agency decisions to initiate rulemaking are heavily grounded in the implementation of ongoing programs and subgovernment relationships in which economic interests tend to be predominant.