A ceramic fuel cell in an all solid-state energy conversion device that produces electricity by electrochemically combining fuel and oxidant gases across an ionic conducting oxide. Current ceramic fuel cells use an oxygen-ion conductor or a proton conductor as the electrolyte and operate at high temperatures (>600°C). Ceramic fuel cells, commonly referred to as solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), are presently under development for a variety of power generation applications. This paper reviews the science and technology of ceramic fuel cells and discusses the critical issues posed by the development of this type of fuel cell. The emphasis is given to the discussion of component materials (especially, ZrO2 electrolyte, nickel/ZrO2 cermet anode, LaMnO3 cathode, and LaCrO3 interconnect), gas reactions at the electrodes, stack designs, and processing techniques used in the fabrication of required ceramic structures.

Ceramic Fuel Cells

Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics are reviewed with the aim of providing an insight into different processes which may affect the behaviour of ferroelectric devices, such as ferroelectric memories and micro-electro-mechanical systems. Taking into consideration recent advances in this field, topics such as polarization switching, polarization fatigue, effects of defects, depletion layers, and depolarization fields on hysteresis loop behaviour, and contributions of domain-wall displacement to dielectric and piezoelectric properties are discussed. An introduction into dielectric, pyroelectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties of ferroelectric materials, symmetry considerations, coupling of electro-mechanical and thermal properties, and definitions of relevant ferroelectric phenomena are provided.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/61/9/002/pdf

Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics

An overview of the state of art in ferroelectric thin films is presented. First, we review applications: microsystems' applications, applications in high frequency electronics, and memories based on ferroelectric materials. The second section deals with materials, structure (domains, in particular), and size effects. Properties of thin films that are important for applications are then addressed: polarization reversal and properties related to the reliability of ferroelectric memories, piezoelectric nonlinearity of ferroelectric films which is relevant to microsystems' applications, and permittivity and loss in ferroelectric films-important in all applications and essential in high frequency devices. In the context of properties we also discuss nanoscale probing of ferroelectrics. Finally, we comment on two important emerging topics: multiferroic materials and ferroelectric one-dimensional nanostructures. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

/pdf/ferroelectric-thin-films-review-of-materials-properties-and-rc7umdkxk5.pdf

Ferroelectric thin films: Review of materials, properties, and applications

Progress in material selection for solid oxide fuel cell technology: A review

Small, light weight and multifunctional electronic components are attracting much attention because of the rapid growth of the wireless communication systems and microwave products in the consumer electronic market. The component manufacturers are thus forced to search for new advanced integration, packaging and interconnection technologies. One solution is the low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology enabling fabrication of three-dimensional ceramic modules with low dielectric loss and embedded silver electrodes. During the past 15 years, a large number of new dielectric LTCCs for high frequency applications have been developed. About 1000 papers were published and ∼500 patents were filed in the area of LTCC and related technologies. However, the data of these several very useful materials are scattered. The main purpose of this review is to bring the data and science of these materials together, which will be of immense help to researchers and technologists all over the world. The comme...

Low loss dielectric materials for LTCC applications: a review

The invention relates to a device (1), for the transmission and/or receiving of electromagnetic waves (2) of a certain frequency, comprising at least one antenna (3) with a certain antenna gain for the electromagnetic waves and at least one reflector (5), arranged with a certain separation from the antenna for increasing the antenna gain. In order to reduce the size of the device the antenna and reflector are connected to each other by means of a ceramic (7). The device is integrated in a ceramic multi-layer body (8), by means of LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic) technology.

Apparatus for sending and / or receiving electromagnetic waves, and methods of manufacturing the device

A dielectric has a fluid like water containing an anisotropic material (AM) that has a geometrical anisotropy and can be aligned by an electrical control field (31) generated by a structure of electrodes. The AM consists of carbon nano tubes (22) sterile-stabilized with DNA single strings. - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a microwave component with an electric component according to the present invention, made up of a voltage-controlled oscillator, a frequency filter and/or a delay line/helix.

Electrical component for controlling permittivity in a dielectric has an electrode structure and a dielectric with a fluid like water and an anisotropic material to be electrically aligned

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung (1) zur Detektion mindestens einer Substanz eines Fluids (9). Die Vorrichtung weist mindestens einen piezoakustischen Resonator (2) mit mindestens einer piezoelektrischen Schicht (4), einer an der piezoelektrischen Schicht angeordneten Elektrode (5), mindestens einer an der piezoelektrischen Schicht angeordneten weiteren Elektrode (6) und einem Oberflachenabschnitt (8) zur Sorption der Substanz des Fluids auf, wobei die piezoelektrische Schicht, die Elektroden und der Oberflachenabschnitt derart aneinander angeordnet sind, dass eine elektrische Ansteuerung der Elektroden zu einer Schwingung (51, 52) des Resonators mit einer Resonanzfrequenz fuhrt und die Resonanzfrequenz abhangig ist von einer am Oberflachenabschnitt sorbierten Menge der Substanz. Die Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Schichtdicke (7) der piezoelektrischen Schicht aus dem Bereich von einschliesslich 0,5 µm bis einschliesslich 20 µm und die Resonanzfrequenz der Schwingung aus dem Bereich von einschliesslich 500 MHz bis einschliesslich 2 GHz ausgewahlt ist. Die Vorrichtung ist ein Massensensor mit einem piezoakustischen Hochfrequenz-Dunnfilmresonator. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Massensensitivitat im Bereich von wenigen Hz×pg-1×cm2 aus und eine kleine laterale Ausdehnung. Die Vorrichtung wird als Bio- oder als Gassensor eingesetzt.

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur detektion einer substanz mithilfe eines hochfrequenten piezoakustischen dünnfilmresonators

The device (1) has a piezo-acoustic thin film resonator (10), a piezo-electric layer (11), and an electrode layer (12) arranged on the piezo-electric layer. An apparatus (4) is provided for influencing electrical auxiliary field that is different from stimulating replaceable field. An independent claim is included for a method for detecting a substance of fluid.

Device for detecting substance of fluid, has piezo-acoustic thin film resonator, piezo-electric layer, and electrode layer that is arranged on piezo-electric layer

The invention relates to a method for producing a polycrystalline ceramic film on a surface (12) of a substrate (10), in which a particle stream is directed onto the surface (12) and the ceramic film is formed by deposition of the particles onto the surface (12), wherein the particle stream is directed by means of a diaphragm onto the surface (12) along a preferred direction until a first specified layer thickness is reached, the preferred direction and a surface normal of the surface (12) enclosing a specified angle of incidence. According to the invention, the diaphragm is removed from the particle stream after the specified layer thickness has been reached, and additional particles are directed onto the surface (12) until a specified second layer thickness has been reached.

Wolfram Wersing

Papers

Apparatus for sending and / or receiving electromagnetic waves, and methods of manufacturing the device

Electrical component for controlling permittivity in a dielectric has an electrode structure and a dielectric with a fluid like water and an anisotropic material to be electrically aligned

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur detektion einer substanz mithilfe eines hochfrequenten piezoakustischen dünnfilmresonators

Device for detecting substance of fluid, has piezo-acoustic thin film resonator, piezo-electric layer, and electrode layer that is arranged on piezo-electric layer

Method for Producing a Polycrystalline Ceramic Film