[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/567486.pdf

A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation

[i] An inventory of air pollutant emissions in Asia in the year 2000 is developed to support atmospheric modeling and analysis of observations taken during the TRACE-P experiment funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the ACE-Asia experiment funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Emissions are estimated for all major anthropogenic sources, including biomass burning, in 64 regions of Asia. We estimate total Asian emissions as follows: 34.3 Tg SO 2 , 26.8 Tg NO x , 9870 Tg CO 2 , 279 Tg CO, 107 Tg CH 4 , 52.2 Tg NMVOC, 2.54 Tg black carbon (BC), 10.4 Tg organic carbon (OC), and 27.5 Tg NH 3 . In addition, NMVOC are speciated into 19 subcategories according to functional groups and reactivity. Thus we are able to identify the major source regions and types for many of the significant gaseous and particle emissions that influence pollutant concentrations in the vicinity of the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia field measurements. Emissions in China dominate the signature of pollutant concentrations in this region, so special emphasis has been placed on the development of emission estimates for China. China's emissions are determined to be as follows: 20.4 Tg SO 2 , 11.4 Tg NO x , 3820 Tg CO 2 , 116 Tg CO, 38.4 Tg CH 4 , 17.4 Tg NMVOC, 1.05 Tg BC, 3.4 Tg OC, and 13.6 Tg NH 3 . Emissions are gridded at a variety of spatial resolutions from 1° × 1° to 30 s x 30 s, using the exact locations of large point sources and surrogate GIS distributions of urban and rural population, road networks, landcover, ship lanes, etc. The gridded emission estimates have been used as inputs to atmospheric simulation models and have proven to be generally robust in comparison with field observations, though there is reason to think that emissions of CO and possibly BC may be underestimated. Monthly emission estimates for China are developed for each species to aid TRACE-P and ACE-Asia data interpretation. During the observation period of March/ April, emissions are roughly at their average values (one twelfth of annual). Uncertainties in the emission estimates, measured as 95% confidence intervals, range from a low of ±16% for SO 2 to a high of ±450% for OC.

An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000 : NASA global tropospheric experiment transport and chemical evolution over the pacific (TRACE-P): Measurements and analysis (TRACEP1)

A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects

Advanced oxidation process-mediated removal of pharmaceuticals from water: A review.

Environmental waters are monitored for fecal pollution to protect public health and water resources. Traditionally, general fecal-indicator bacteria are used; however, they cannot distinguish human fecal waste from other animal pollution sources. Recently, a novel bacteriophage, crAssphage, was discovered by metagenomic data mining and reported to be abundant in and closely associated with human fecal waste. To confirm bioinformatic predictions, 384 primer sets were designed along the length of the crAssphage genome. Based on initial screening, two novel crAssphage qPCR assays (CPQ_056 and CPQ_064) were designed and evaluated in reference fecal samples and water matrices. The assays exhibited high specificities (98.6%) when tested against an animal fecal reference library, and crAssphage genetic markers were highly abundant in raw sewage and sewage-impacted water samples. In addition, CPQ_056 and CPQ_064 performance was compared to HF183/BacR287 and HumM2 assays in paired experiments. Findings confirm tha...

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Quantitative CrAssphage PCR Assays for Human Fecal Pollution Measurement.

Deactivation of alkali metals and arsenic and regeneration methods are studied on commercial V 2 O 5 –WO 3 /TiO 2 for the SCR reaction using experiments and DFT calculations. The poisoning of alkali metals is found to decrease the amount of Bronsted acid sites and the reducibility of active V 5+ sites. Arsenic decreases the amount of Lewis acid sites and the stability of Bronsted acid sites and increases N 2 O formation. After the catalysts are poisoned by both alkali metals and arsenic, the activity and N 2 selectivity are significantly suppressed. Diluted H 2 SO 4 effectively removes alkali metals from the poisoned catalysts. Half of the amount of arsenic can be removed using a 4% H 2 O 2 solution; however, some V 2 O 5 and surface sulfates are also eliminated from the catalysts. The activity of the regenerated catalysts is almost recovered at high temperatures. From the DFT results on the V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 (0 0 1) plane, potassium and arsenic significantly alter the electronic structures of the V orbitals and broaden the band gap of the models. Interactions between potassium and arsenic are also found. Potassium covers the active sites of the models that are constructed by V 2 O 5 and As 2 O 5 , which further decreases the number of acid sites. Potassium causes V and As orbitals to move to lower energies and inhibits the reactivity of the model.

Deactivation and regeneration of a commercial SCR catalyst: Comparison with alkali metals and arsenic

Degradation of the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen by electro-peroxone process

A series of V2O5/CeO2 catalysts with different potassium loadings were prepared to investigate alkali deactivations for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. An alkali poisoning mechanism could be attributed to surface acidity, reducibility, and NOx adsorption/desorption behaviors. The detailed factors are as follows: (1) decrease of surface acidity suppresses NH3 adsorption by strong bonding of alkali to vanadia (major factor); (2) low reducibility prohibits NH3 activation and NO oxidation by formation bonding of alkali to vanadia and ceria (important factor); (3) active NOx– species at low temperature diminish because of coverage of alkali on the surfaces (minor factor); and (4) stable, inactive nitrate species at high temperature increase by generating new basic sites (important factor).

Deactivation Mechanism of Potassium on the V2O5/CeO2 Catalysts for SCR Reaction: Acidity, Reducibility and Adsorbed-NOx

As a family of materials, conducting polymers (CPs) elicit the possibility of both exploiting the chemical and physical attributes of the polymer for chemical analysis and incorporating its electronic and electrochemical properties to enhance the analytical figures of merit. This review article provides a snapshot of current investigations in many research laboratories on the use of CPs for sensors, separations and extraction techniques. This review focuses primarily on polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene and their substituted composites. It includes applications in gas, ion and organic molecule sensors, and solid-phase extraction and microextraction. We also discuss the broad challenges and the accomplishments in preparing analytical devices from CPs.

Xiang Li

Papers

Quantitative CrAssphage PCR Assays for Human Fecal Pollution Measurement.

Deactivation and regeneration of a commercial SCR catalyst: Comparison with alkali metals and arsenic

Degradation of the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen by electro-peroxone process

Deactivation Mechanism of Potassium on the V2O5/CeO2 Catalysts for SCR Reaction: Acidity, Reducibility and Adsorbed-NOx

Conducting polymers in environmental analysis