The past decade has seen a boom in environmental adsorption studies on the adsorptive removal of pollutants from the aqueous phase. A large majority of works treat kinetic modeling as a mere routine to describe the macroscopic trend of adsorptive uptake by using common models, often without careful appraisal of the characteristics and validity of the models. This review compiles common kinetic models and discusses their origins, features, modified versions (if any), and applicability with regard to liquid adsorption modeling for both batch adsorption and dynamic adsorption systems. Indiscriminate applications, ambiguities, and controversies are highlighted and clarified. The appropriateness of linear regression for correlating kinetic data is discussed. This review concludes with a note on the current scenario and the future of kinetics modeling of liquid adsorption.

Insight into the adsorption kinetics models for the removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions

Removal of heavy metal ions using chitosan and modified chitosan: A review

Chitosan-based biosorbents: modification and application for biosorption of heavy metals and radionuclides.

Mycotoxins are toxic substances that can infect many foods with carcinogenic, genotoxic, teratogenic, nephrotoxic, and hepatotoxic effects. Mycotoxin contamination of foodstuffs causes diseases worldwide. The major classes of mycotoxins that are of the greatest agroeconomic importance are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, emerging Fusarium mycotoxins, enniatins, ergot alkaloids, Alternaria toxins, and patulin. Thus, in order to mitigate mycotoxin contamination of foods, many control approaches are used. Prevention, detoxification, and decontamination of mycotoxins can contribute in this purpose in the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. Therefore, the purpose of the review is to elaborate on the recent advances regarding the occurrence of main mycotoxins in many types of important agricultural products, as well as the methods of inactivation and detoxification of foods from mycotoxins in order to reduce or fully eliminate them.

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Advances in Occurrence, Importance, and Mycotoxin Control Strategies: Prevention and Detoxification in Foods.

Pollution due to heavy metals is currently a serious problems affecting water bodies. The removal of heavy metals is of great concern due to their toxicity at trace levels and accumulation in the biosystem. Here we review the technical feasibility of biosorption and ion exchange methods for the removal of various heavy metals from the aqueous media. Chemical pretreatment of low-cost biosorbents are presented. Chemically modified biosorbents exhibit far better adsorption capacities than unmodified ones. We also highlighted the effect of pH on the biosorption for maximal uptake of heavy metals, because pH modifies the surface charge of the biosorbent as well as the speciation of heavy metals.

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous system by ion-exchange and biosorption methods

Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using dithiocarbamate modified chitosan beads with Pb(II) as imprinted ions

Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups. They have showed significant potentials of removing metal ions, dyes and proteins from various media. Chemical modifications that lead to the formation of the chitosan derivatives and chitosan composites have been extensively studied and widely reported in literatures. The aims of this review were to summarize the important information of the bioactivities of chitosan, highlight the various preparation methods of chitosan-based active biosorbents, and outline its potential applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes and proteins from wastewater and aqueous solutions.

Xianghong Meng

Papers

Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using dithiocarbamate modified chitosan beads with Pb(II) as imprinted ions

Adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes and proteins by chitosan composites and derivatives — A review

Biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions by ion-imprinted tetraethylenepentamine modified chitosan beads.

Hydrophobicity and physicochemical properties of agarose film as affected by chitosan addition

Effective biosorption of patulin from apple juice by cross-linked xanthated chitosan resin