Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The interest in nanoscale materials stems from the fact that new properties are acquired at this length scale and, equally important, that these properties * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone, 404-8940292; fax, 404-894-0294; e-mail, mostafa.el-sayed@ chemistry.gatech.edu. † Case Western Reserve UniversitysMillis 2258. ‡ Phone, 216-368-5918; fax, 216-368-3006; e-mail, burda@case.edu. § Georgia Institute of Technology. 1025 Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1025−1102

Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes.

Recent developments have greatly improved the sensitivity of optical sensors based on metal nanoparticle arrays and single nanoparticles. We introduce the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor and describe how its exquisite sensitivity to size, shape and environment can be harnessed to detect molecular binding events and changes in molecular conformation. We then describe recent progress in three areas representing the most significant challenges: pushing sensitivity towards the single-molecule detection limit, combining LSPR with complementary molecular identification techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and practical development of sensors and instrumentation for routine use and high-throughput detection. This review highlights several exceptionally promising research directions and discusses how diverse applications of plasmonic nanoparticles can be integrated in the near future.

Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors

2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

Corrigendum to “Investigation of gastric disintegration of carrot during digestion in vitro by a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance device” [J. Food Eng. 292 (2021) 110307]

Nearly all metals (except Au) are reactive in their functioning environment and spontaneously develop an oxygenated surface in ambient conditions. 1 This oxygenated surface governs the real-world interactions with the outer environment and plays a key role in heterogeneous catalysis. The oxidizing atmosphere can result in the oxygenation of the metal surface by inducing a sequence of surface restructuring. Meanwhile, the simultaneous presence of the reducing gas, such as CO from the feed gas in the water-gas-shift reaction, may induce de-oxygenation of the surface to form oxygenated compounds that desorb from the surface. Therefore, the competing action of the simultaneously present oxidizing and reducing gases may lead to complex spatial-temporal dynamic changes in the surface structure and composition under the reaction conditions. Atomically identifying the surface structure and composition evolution and associated reaction pathways under such complex reaction conditions is quite challenging. One way of circumventing such complexity is to first produce an oxygenated surface of the metal substrate, which is then exposed to CO to induce the de-oxygenation reaction. Herein, we use this two-step process of in-place preparation of an oxygenated Cu(110) surface by O 2 dosing, followed subsequently by partial de-oxygenation of the oxygenated surface with CO gas flow. The partial de-oxygenation process is dynamically monitored at the atomic scale with environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM). Our ETEM experiments start with flowing O 2 into the TEM column with the gas pressure of 8 × 10 -3 Pa at 623 K to burn amorphous carbon contaminant (Fig. This results in

In-situ Environmental TEM Observations of Structural Evolution of Oxygenated Cu(110) in CO

This study aimed to examine the correlation between thyroid hormone and prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) in adult critically ill patients having undergone cardiac surgery.The present study refers to a retrospective, cohort study conducted at Nanjing First Hospital from March 2019 to December 2020. Patients receiving cardiac surgery and admitting to the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (CVICU) in the study period were screened for potential inclusion. Demographic information, thyroid hormone and other laboratory measurements and outcome variables were recorded for analysis. Prolonged MV was defined as the duration of MV after cardiac surgery longer than 5 days. Thyroid hormones were assessed for the prognostic significance for prolonged MV.One thousand eight hundred ninety-six patients who underwent cardiac surgery were screened for potential enrollment. Overall, 118 patients were included and analyzed in this study. Patients fell to the control (n = 64) and the prolonged MV group (n = 54) by complying with the duration of MV after cardiac surgery. The median value of total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were 1.03 nmol/L and 3.52 pmol/L in the prolonged MV group before cardiac surgery, significantly lower than 1.23 nmol/L (P = 0.005) and 3.87 pmol/L, respectively in control (P = 0.038). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that TT3 before surgery (pre-op TT3) had an excellent prognostic significance for prolonged MV (OR: 0.049, P = 0.012).This study concluded that decreased triiodothyronine (T3) could be common in cardiac patients with prolonged MV, and it would be further reduced after patients undergo cardiac surgery. Besides, decreased T3 before surgery could act as an effective predictor for prolonged MV after cardiac surgery. 

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Decreased triiodothyronine (T3) as a predictor for prolonged mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients with cardiac surgery

The binary metal oxide ZnCo2O4 is considered as a potential electrode candidate for asymmetric supercapacitors due to its unique composition and battery-type features. However, its low electrical conductivity and insufficient material utilization efficiency hinder its major practical application. In this work, hierarchical polyaniline-coated ZnCo2O4 nanobelts have been synthesized using an economical two-step strategy (including a hydrothermal method and an in situ polymerization route) and are investigated as a supercapacitor material. Impressively, the resulting ZnCo2O4@PANI nanobelt electrode exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 1938.2 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and superior cycling performance (the capacitance retains 92.4% after cycling for 10 000 cycles at 6 A g-1). Furthermore, an ASC was prepared using the obtained ZnCo2O4@PANI electrode as a cathode and using active carbon (AC) as an anode. The constructed ASC delivers a high specific energy of 66.6 W h kg-1 at a specific power of 800.1 W kg-1, and attains 92.5% capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles at 8 A g-1, indicating its high potential for applications in the field of high-capacitance supercapacitors. These results demonstrate the great potential of ZnCo2O4@PANI nanobelts as a promising cathode material for supercapacitors.

Xiaobo Chen

Papers

Corrigendum to “Investigation of gastric disintegration of carrot during digestion in vitro by a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance device” [J. Food Eng. 292 (2021) 110307]

In-situ Environmental TEM Observations of Structural Evolution of Oxygenated Cu(110) in CO

Decreased triiodothyronine (T3) as a predictor for prolonged mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients with cardiac surgery

Preparation of ZnCo2O4@PANI core/shell nanobelts for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.

In-situ growth of NiCo-LDH-S nanosheets with granular NiS/Co9S8 on nickel foam as self-supported electrode for high-performance supercapacitors